Intro to Research
Process of collecting and analyzing information.
What is research?
Represents a subset of a population
What is a sample?
Known as the “cause” variable. Predicted to have an effect on another variable.
What is an Independent Variable (IV)?
There are more than two categories but no rank order. Ex: Hair colors, eye colors
What is a Nominal Scale?
The purpose of this research is to learn from past successes and failures. To learn how things were done in the past and apply them to current or future events.
What is historical research?
Starting point for further investigation. Can be expressed as a purpose or question.
What is hypothesis?
Sampling in which people are sampled simply because they are "convenient" sources of data for researchers.
What is convenience sampling?
Known as the “effect” or the “outcome” variable.
What is Dependent Variable (DV)?
Another word for Binary
What is dichotomous?
Investigates the cause and effect. Also known as
Clinical trials.
What is experimental research?
Statement of NO difference. If there is a difference, we reject this.
What is Null hypothesis?
In this type of sample, it is based entirely on chance and every member has an equal shot at being selected.
What is random sampling?
Data that can be observed but
not measured. Deals with descriptions.
Ex: Colors, textures, smells,
tastes, appearance, beauty,
etc.
What is Qualitative Data?
Categories have a rank order but no true numerical meaning.
Ex: Letter grades A, B, C, D
“very positive”- “very negative”
What is an Ordinal Scale?
A group of subjects who share a defining
characteristic such as age or occupation. Ex: Group of Dental Hygiene Students at All State.
What is a Cohort?
Entire group that you draw conclusions about. Starts with a P.
What is a population?
This "size" sample is considered the most accurate.
What is a Large sample?
Data which can be measured. Deals with numbers.
What is Quantitative Data?
Length, height, area, volume,
weight, speed, time.
Has an absolute zero point. Ex: height, weight, number of cavities.
What is a ratio scale?
In this study, the study population does not know
whether it is getting real or fake treatment or which
treatment modality.
What is a blind study?
Specific group of individuals that you will collect data from.
What is a sample?
Sampling based on subgroups such as age, gender, income.
What is Stratified sampling?
There are only two categories ( dead or alive, yes or no)
What is Binary?
• No zero point. Number can be negative.
• Ex: Temperatures
What is Interval?
In this type of study, the group of interest
already has the disease/outcome.
What is retrospective?