Physics
This principle states that two identical fermions cannot occupy the same quantum state within a quantum system simultaneously.
Pauli exclusion principle
These variations of an element, differing in the number of neutrons, can affect a compound’s physical properties.
Isotopes/Isotopic Variations
This molecule, essential for life, stores genetic information and is made up of a long chain of nucleotides.
This scientist’s 1869 publication laid the foundation for the modern periodic table of elements.
Dmitri Mendeleev
If two lasers of differentfrequencies are shone into thesame medium, how would theirspeeds compare?
Both lasers would travel at the speed of light in thatmedium, as the speed depends on the refractiveindex, not frequency.
These elements, found in the d-block of the periodic table, often form colorful compounds and have variable oxidation states.
Transition metals
This organelle is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP.
mitochondrion
This 19th-century English naturalist proposed the theory of evolution after his voyage on the HMS Beagle.
Charles Darwin
This theoretical region on the periodic table is believed to contain superheavy elements that could have unusually long half-lives and potential applications in fields like medicine or technology.
Island of stability
This process, where messenger RNA is used to synthesize proteins, occurs after transcription and involves ribosomes translating the mRNA sequence into an amino acid chain.
Translation
In 1928, he discovered penicillin, marking the beginning of the antibiotic era.
Alexander Fleming
Explain how quantum tunneling enables nuclear fusion in stars.
Quantum tunneling allows particles to overcomethe Coulomb barrier (electrostatic repulsionbetween protons) despite not having enoughclassical energy to do so
This highly reactive and unstable compound of xenon can be isolated by cooling it to very low temperatures and using an inert atmosphere to prevent its breakdown.
Xenon hexafluoride (XeF₆)
This enzyme adds repetitive DNA sequences to the ends of chromosomes, helping protect them from shortening, which is important for cell division and is often active in cancer cells.
Telomerase
This lesser-known 20th-century physicist predicted the existence of antimatter and proposed a now-famous equation relating quantum mechanics and special relativity.
Paul Dirac
This type of reaction, where the product can be converted back to the original state by exposure to light, is often used in light-sensitive data storage systems.
Photochromic reaction
This process, occurring in the mitochondria, involves the transfer of electrons through a series of protein complexes and is crucial for the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
electron transport chain
This 18th-century scientist developed the principle of conservation of mass and is often called the "Father of Modern Chemistry." He was executed during the French Revolution.
Antoine Lavoisier