IPv4 Fundamentals
This layer of the OSI model is where IP addressing lives and where routing happens.
What is Layer 3?
ARP is used to discover this address when the destination IP is already known.
What is the destination MAC address?
A /24 network leaves this many host bits available, which allows for this many usable hosts.
What are 8 host bits and 254 usable hosts?
This private IPv4 range starts with 10 and was historically considered Class A private space.
What is 10.0.0.0/8?
IPv6 addresses are this many bits long.
What is 128 bits?
This version of IP uses 32-bit addresses written in dotted decimal format.
What is IPv4?
This ARP message type is sent as a broadcast to everyone on the LAN.
What is an ARP request?
If you borrow 1 bit from the host portion of 203.0.113.0/24, the new prefix becomes this, and the network is split into this many subnets.
What is /25 and 2 subnets?
This private IPv4 range begins with 192.168.
What is 192.168.0.0/16?
IPv6 addresses are written in eight groups called these.
What are quartets?
In an IPv4 header, these two fields identify where the packet came from and where it is going.
What are the source IP address and destination IP address fields?
This ARP message type is normally sent directly back to the sender.
What is an ARP reply?
The subnet 203.0.113.0/25 has this broadcast address and this usable host range.
What is 203.0.113.127, and 203.0.113.1 through 203.0.113.126?
This private IPv4 range starts with 172
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
In IPv6 shortened notation, this symbol can compress one continuous string of all-zero quartets.
What is double colon (::)?
An IPv4 address is divided into four of these, each containing 8 bits.
What are octets?
This type of communication is one-to-one.
What is unicast?
Borrowing 2 bits from 203.0.113.0/24 creates this prefix length, this many subnets, and this many usable hosts per subnet.
What is /26, 4 subnets, and 62 usable hosts?
This special IPv4 range is reserved for loopback testing.
What is 127.0.0.0/8?
This transition approach allows a device to use both IPv4 and IPv6 at the same time.
What is dual stacking?
The highest decimal value a single IPv4 octet can hold is this number.
What is 255?
This type of communication is one-to-many to a selected group rather than everyone on the subnet.
What is multicast?
When 203.0.113.0/24 is subnetted into /26 networks, the four subnet network addresses are these.
What are 203.0.113.0, 203.0.113.64, 203.0.113.128, and 203.0.113.192?
A public IP address can do this, while a private IP address cannot.
What is be routed over the internet?
This tunneling method wraps IPv6 packets inside IPv4 packets.
What is 6to4 tunneling?