Origins of Life
What type of organisms were the first living cells?
Prokaryotic Cells
Who developed the theory of natural selection?
Charles Darwin
Who came up with the INCORRECT theory that acquired traits are inherited?
Jean Lamarck
What type of evolution occurs when species become more different from a common ancestor?
Divergent Evolution
What is the total set of genes in a population called?
Gene Pool
What is it called when species become reproductively isolated without physical barriers?
Sympatric speciation
Methane, ammonia, and water vapor
Reproductive Success of an organism
What was Darwin's evidence from the Galapagos Islands?
Finches with different beak shapes suited to food sources
What type of evolution happens when unrelated species develop similar traits?
Convergent evolution
In which populations does genetic drift most often occur? (Founder/Bottleneck)?
a)in large populations
b)in marine populations
c)in small populations
d)in terrestrial populations
c)in small populations
What are the two rates of speciation?
Gradualism and punctuated equilibrium
What is the term for life arising from non-living matter?
Abiogenesis (spontaneous generation)
Which statement concerning production of offspring is correct?
a) Production of offspring is necessary for a species to survive, but it is not necessary for an individual to survive.
b) An organism can reproduce without performing any of the other life processes.
c) Production of offspring is necessary for an individual organism to survive, while other life processes are important for a species to survive
d) Reproduction is a process that requires gametes in all species
a) Production of offspring is necessary for a species to survive, but it is not necessary for an individual to survive.
Genetic recombination, production of more offspring than can survive, and struggling with the challenges of the environment are all concepts associated with
a)natural selection
b) Mitotic division
c)selective breeding
d)genetic engineering
a) natural selection
What is coevolution?
When two species evolve in response to each other
Species of bacteria can evolve more quickly than species of mammals because bacteria have
a)less competition
b)more chromosomes
c)lower mutation rates
d)higher rates of reproduction
d)higher rates of reproduction
Two different species with the same ecological niche are placed in the same habitat. These two species will most likely
a)have different food requirements
b)compete for the same environmental resources
c)coexist successfully in the same habitat
d)interbreed and produce hybrid offspring
b)compete for the same environmental resources
What experiment supported the idea that organic compounds could form in early Earth conditions?
(BONUS-->+100 if you can describe the experiment in FULL DETAIL!)
Miller-Urey Experiment
(organic compound form by inorganic compounds in the atmosphere combining in the oceans forming amino acids and simple sugars. Simulating early water cycle, lightning...)
What are the four key components of natural selection?
Overproduction, variation, competition, survival of the fittest
Male turkeys are birds that naturally strut and display their large tail feathers, which attracts female turkeys. This display is an example of
a) a behavioral adaptation
b)selective breeding
c)asexual reproduction
d)a learned behavior
a) a behavioral adaptation
What evolutionary pattern results from species rapidly diversifying from a common ancestor? (ex: Darwin's Finches)
Adaptive radiation
What will most likely happen to allele frequencies in a population that is large and no migration, mutation, or environmental change occurs?
Gene/Allele Frequencies will remain constant
Geographic isolation of a small population from a main group may contribute to the development of new species. This speciation is more likely to happen if the members of the geographically isolated population, compared to the members of the main group, have
a)an inability to survive environmental conditions
b)the ability to resist genetic mutations
c)different environmental factors acting on them
d)the same initial gene frequencies
c)different environmental factors acting on them
What major event was caused by cyanobacteria releasing oxygen?
The Great Oxidation Event
What are the 3 types of Natural Selection? Remember the graphs!
Disruptive/Diversifying, Stabilizing, and Directional
A certain species of rough-skinned newt produces an extremely powerful toxin that helps prevent attacks by predators. However, one predator, the garter snake, can eat these newts without being affected by the toxin. Which statement best explains the resistance of garter snakes to the newt toxin?
a)The snakes needed to become resistant to the toxin in order to survive, so they developed a toxin-resistance gene.
b)As the newts became more toxic, the snakes became increasingly resistant in order to survive
c)Exposure to newt toxin caused a mutation in the snakes, which increased resistance to the toxin in the snakes.
d)A random genetic mutation that resulted in toxin resistance increased the survival rates of the snakes that had it, and they passed it on to their offspring.
d)A random genetic mutation that resulted in toxin resistance increased the survival rates of the snakes that had it, and they passed it on to their offspring.
What is it called when two related species evolve similarly after divergence?
Parallel evolution
An insect pest known as the medfly significantly reduced the orange crop in California. Pesticides were used to control the medfly. Using the concept of natural selection, explain how the continued use of a certain pesticide may become ineffective in controlling this fly. Your answer must include the concepts of:
• variation
• adaptive value of a variation (adaptation)
• survival
• reproduction
Some medflies have a variation that provides resistance to pesticide. When the pesticide is present, those flies with the favorable variation will survive to reproduce and pass the variation to offspring. A variety of medfly resistant to the pesticide will result.
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!
The Eastern Spotted Skunk and the Western Spotted Skunk are two species that inhabit the same geographic area. There is never interbreeding between the two skunk species because the Eastern Spotted Skunk mates during the summer, and the Western Spotted Skunk mates during the late winter.
This is an example of which reproductive barrier?
Temporal Isolation