Passive voice
Reported speech
Past unreal
Wish
Modal verbs
100

The teacher is asking a question.

A question is being asked.

100

Mary doesn't like Tom.

You said Mary didn't like Tom.

100

I didn't pack my bags in advance, so I was late.

If I had packed my bags in advance, I wouldn't have been late.

100

I'm short.

I wish I were tall

100
Mary doesn't study enough. + suggestion

She should study more.

She ought to study more.

200

Maya writes the reports as fast as possible.

The reports are written as fast as possible.

200

Ed and Nancy will go out if it doesn't rain.

You said Ed and Nancy would go out if it didn't rain.

200

She studied, so she wasn't nervous.

If she hadn't studied, she would have been nervous.

200

I don't have time to go to the beach.

I wish I had time to go to the beach.

200

The sky is dark and it's windy. + possibility

It may rain.

It might rain.

300

Employees will clean the roads by the morning.

The roads will be cleaned by the morning.

300

She can decide by next year.

You said she could decide by next year.

300

She bought the dress, so she had something to wear.

If she hadn't bought the dress, she wouldn't have had anything to wear.

300

I didn't have money to go out. 

I wish I had had money to go out.

300

It's the middle of the month and you still haven't paid your bills. + obligation

You have to pay your bills.

You must pay your bills.

400

Tina hasn't maxed out my card in months.

My card hasn't been maxed out in months.

400

I haven't seen her in ages.

You said you hadn't seen her in ages.

400

They didn't meet at the party, so they weren't able to find each other.

If they had met at the party, they would have been able to find each other.

400

My father smokes too much.

I wish he wouldn't smoke so much.
400

It's the middle of the month and you still haven't paid your bills. + logical conclusion and negative deduction

You must be broke.

You can't have money.

500

She had packed her luggage before I asked her to.

Her luggage had been packed before she was asked to.

500

I ate breakfast in five minutes.

You said you had eaten breakfast in five minutes.
500

He paid the bills, so he didn't have to worry.

If he hadn't paid the bills, he would have had to worry.

500

My friends don't call me.

I wish they would call me.

500

You didn't pay your bills and now they've cut your power. + suggestion

You should have paid your bills.

You ought to have paid your bills.

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