Thermodynamics and free energy
Energy is the capacity to do what?
Work.
Groove in the enzyme where the substrate fits.
Active site.
What are enzyme helpers called?
Coenzymes and Cofactors.
What free energy (G) measures in a system.
Stability.
Pathways that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds.
Catabolic Pathway.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
1st Law of Thermodynamics.
Factors that alter enzyme activity.
Temperature and pH.
Proteins that block the active site to prevent other substrates from attaching.
Competitive Inhibitor.
Net release of free energy.
Exergonic Reaction.
Pathways that consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler compounds.
Anabolic Pathways.
The study of energy transformations.
Thermodynamics.
When a substrate binds to the active site, the enzyme changes shape, leading to a tighter fit.
Induced fit.
An enzyme inhibition that deforms the enzyme via the allosteric site.
Non-competitive Inhibition.
True or False: ΔG is positive in an exergonic reaction.
False.
____ energy is energy in motion; ____ energy is energy that is stored.
Kinetic; Potential.
Entropy is used to measure?
Disorder/Randomness.
Proteins that change the rate of reaction without being consumed.
Catalyst.
A pathway that eventually leads to the inhibition of one of its starting enzymes.
Feedback Inhibition.
Systems high in free energy tend to be more?
Unstable.
The totality of an organism's chemical reactions.
Metabolism.
True or False: Organisms are an example of an open system.
True.
As substrate concentration increases, the rate of reaction...
Increases.
Type of regulation that can inhibit or activate enzymes through the allosteric site.
Allosteric regulation.
At equilibrium...ΔG = ?
0.
What process breaks down ATP and causes a release of energy?
Hydrolysis.