science lvl1
What is the basic unit of life in all living organisms?
The cell.
What are the two main types of cells?
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
What is Mendel’s Law of Segregation?
x2pts
It states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a gene separate so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.
How does natural selection lead to evolution?
x1.5pts
Organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits to the next generation.
How do feedback mechanisms help organisms maintain homeostasis? x2 pts
Feedback mechanisms, such as negative and positive feedback loops, regulate body conditions like temperature and blood sugar levels.
What organelle is known as the "powerhouse" of the cell?
Mitochondria
What is the term for a group of similar cells working together?
A tissue.
How do enzymes affect chemical reactions in living organisms?
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.
What is the function of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis?
The kidneys filter waste, regulate water balance, and maintain electrolyte levels in the blood.
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Which gas do plants take in for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide (CO₂).
Which macromolecule is responsible for storing genetic information
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid).
What is the difference between passive and active transport in cells?
Passive transport does not require energy (moves molecules from high to low concentration), while active transport requires energy (moves molecules from low to high concentration).
How do mutations affect an organism?
x2 pts
Mutations can be harmful, beneficial, or neutral, and they can lead to genetic variation and evolution.
How does the electron transport chain contribute to ATP production? x2 pts
The electron transport chain in the mitochondria transfers electrons to generate a proton gradient, which powers ATP synthase to produce ATP.
What is the process by which organisms make more of their own kind?
Reproduction.
What is the main pigment in plants that captures sunlight for photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll.
In a Punnett square, what is the probability of a heterozygous (Aa) offspring if both parents are heterozygous (Aa)?
50% (since the possible combinations are AA, Aa, Aa, and aa, meaning 2 out of 4 are heterozygous).
Why is meiosis important for sexual reproduction?
Meiosis reduces chromosome numbers by half, ensuring offspring have the correct number of chromosomes.
What role do enzymes play in digestion?
Enzymes break down macromolecules (e.g., amylase breaks down starch, protease breaks down proteins, lipase breaks down fats) into smaller molecules for absorption.
What is the main function of the ribosomes in a cell?
Protein synthesis.
Which system in the human body is responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients?
The circulatory system.
How does a dihybrid cross illustrate Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment?
A dihybrid cross (examining two traits) shows that alleles for different traits separate independently during gamete formation, resulting in a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio in heterozygous parents (AaBb × AaBb).
What is the citric acid cycle, and why is it important?
hint: include 3 main chemicals not including carbon and citric acid
The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) is a series of chemical reactions in the mitochondria that generate ATP, NADH, and FADH₂ for cellular respiration.
How do hormones regulate blood sugar levels in the body?
Insulin lowers blood sugar by promoting glucose uptake, while glucagon raises blood sugar by signaling the liver to release stored glucose.