Periodontal Disease Staging
What is the difference between gingivitis and periodontitis?
Gingivitis is reversible inflammation of the gums, while periodontitis involves irreversible loss of supporting structures.
What are two primary systemic risk factors for periodontal disease?
Diabetes and smoking.
What is the normal sulcus depth in a healthy patient?
1-3mm.
What is the CDT code for an adult prophylaxis?
D1110
What is the recommended frequency for professional dental cleanings?
Every 6 months for most patients, more frequently for those with periodontal disease or high caries risk
What is the clinical attachment loss (CAL) required to diagnose Stage II periodontitis?
CAL of 3-4mm.
How does smoking affect periodontal disease progression?
Smoking reduces blood flow, suppresses the immune response, and increases periodontal destruction.
What is a pseudo-pocket?
A pocket formed due to gingival swelling rather than attachment loss.
What CDT code is used for periodontal maintenance?
D4910
What is the best brushing technique recommended for patients with gingivitis?
The modified Bass technique.
What is the main factor that determines the "grade" of periodontitis?
he rate of disease progression and risk factors like smoking and diabetes.
Which vitamin deficiency is associated with delayed wound healing and increased gingival inflammation?
Vitamin C deficiency
Which landmark is used to measure gingival recession?
The cementoenamel junction (CEJ).
What does the CDT code D4346 represent?
Scaling in the presence of gingival inflammation.
How does fluoride help prevent dental caries?
Fluoride strengthens enamel and inhibits bacterial metabolism.
What are the probing depths typically seen in Stage III periodontitis?
6mm or greater.
How does diabetes contribute to periodontal disease?
High blood sugar levels impair immune function and increase inflammation, leading to faster disease progression.
What does bleeding on probing (BOP) indicate?
Active inflammation and potential periodontal disease.
What CDT code is used for full quadrant scaling and root planing?
D4341
What is the purpose of interdental cleaning aids such as floss and proxabrushes?
They help remove plaque from areas that toothbrushes cannot reach, reducing interproximal decay and gingivitis.
What class of furcation involvement is present when the probe can pass completely through the furcation?
Class III furcation involvement.
What is the primary bacterial species associated with aggressive periodontitis?
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.
What does a mobility score of Class III indicate?
Severe mobility where the tooth is depressible in the socket.
What CDT code is used for localized SRP (1-3 teeth per quadrant)?
D43420
What dietary habits contribute most to caries risk?
Frequent consumption of sugary and acidic foods and beverages.