Plant Structure
This group of angiosperms has scattered vascular bundles, parallel leaf veins, fibrous roots, and one cotyledon.
Monocot
What is pollination?
Transfer of pollen to the stigma
What is a tropism?
A plant's growth response toward or away from a stimulus
What plant hormone is named in the study guide and is known to influence growth?
Auxin
How many cotyledons does a monocot have?
One (1)
Name the root type commonly found in dicots; it consists of one main thick root.
Tap root
What does it mean when a flower is called "complete"?
A flower that has both male (stamen) and female (pistil) parts
Which tropism causes a plant to grow toward light?
Phototropism
Name two plant processes that hormones control (from the study guide).
Examples: germination; leaf shedding; formation of flowers/stems/leaves; fruit development and ripening
Flowers with petals in multiples of 3 are usually which type: monocot or dicot?
Monocot
Dicots typically have their vascular bundles arranged in what pattern inside the stem?
Circular or ringed (a ring arrangement)
Define fertilization in flowering plants.
When pollen unites with the ovule to form an embryo/seed
Which tropism causes roots to grow downward and stems to grow upward?
Gravitropism (also called geotropism)
Which plant hormone is primarily responsible for fruit ripening (common one students learn)?
Ethylene
Give two examples of stimuli that can trigger tropisms.
Light and touch (also gravity)
Which flower part develops into the seed after fertilization and is found within the ovary?
Ovule (develops into seed)
What is an incomplete flower? Give one example of when a flower might be incomplete.
A flower missing either male or female parts (example: a flower with only stamens)
Describe thigmotropism and give one plant example that uses it.
Response to touch; example: vine wrapping around a support (e.g., pea plant tendril)
Explain how auxin distribution affects the bending of a plant stem toward light.
Auxin accumulates on the shaded side, causing cells there to elongate and the stem to bend toward light.
True or False: Pollination and fertilization are the same process. Explain your answer.
False: Pollination is transfer of pollen to stigma; fertilization is fusion of pollen (sperm) with ovule (egg).
List two structural differences between monocot and dicot leaves.
Monocot leaves have parallel veins and one cotyledon; dicot leaves have net-like/branching veins and two cotyledons.
Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination and give one advantage of cross-pollination.
Self-pollination: same plant;
cross-pollination: pollen to a different plant.
Advantage: increased genetic diversity.
A seedling grown in a pot is tilted on its side. Describe how phototropism and gravitropism will act together to reorient the seedling.
Phototropism directs stems to grow toward light; gravitropism directs roots downward; together they reorient growth so stems are upright and roots grow down.
Describe one way plant hormones interact to control leaf shedding in autumn.
Reduced auxin and increased ethylene/other signals can trigger leaf abscission (shedding).
List four things plant hormones control (use items from the study guide).
Germination; leaves changing color/shedding; formation of flowers/stems/leaves; development and ripening of fruit.