Genetics
How many chromosomes does a human being typically have?
46
State Newton's first Law
An object at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at a constant velocity unless acted on by a net external force. (The Law of Inertia)
What is the Chemical formula for table salt?
NaCl
Name 3 types of evidence for evolution
* Comparative anatomy
* Fossil Evidence
*Comparative Embyrology
* DNA/Biochemical evidence
* Biogeographical evidence
State the Wave equation
Speed = Frequency x Wavelength
What are the 4 nucleotide bases in DNA?
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Thymine
Identify 5 car safety features
* Seatbelts
*Brakes
*Crumple zone
* air bags
*indicators
* tyre treads
*mirror BSW systems
etc etc
State the law of conservation of mass
matter cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system; it can only change forms.
Who is noted as the father of evolution?
Double points if you can name the scientist who is often forgotten.
Charles Darwin
Bonus points: Alfred Wallace
Define Frequency of a wave
a measurement of how many waves pass a specific point per second
Compare and contrast the offspring produced by mitosis vs meiosis
Mitosis produces 2 genetically identical offspring
Meiosis produces 4 genetically unique offspring
Calculate the force in Newtons of an object with a mass of 500kg travelling at 3.6m/s2
1800N
What is the basic formula for a combustion reaction?
Fuel + oxygen --> Carbon dioxide + water
Explain the process of natural selection
the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
Name an example of a longitudinal wave
Seismic P wave and Sound wave
What is the 5th nucleotide base seen in mRNA, but not DNA and what nucleotide base does it pair with?
Uracil, which bonds with Adenine
What is the difference between distance and displacement?
Distance is a measurement of the total path travelled by an object, while Displacement measures the shortest straight line path between an object's starting point and current position, including the direction.
Salts produced by neutralisation reactions typically have a pH of what?
7. They are neutral, hence the name.
Give an example of a transitional species, which is used as fossil evidence to support the theory of evolution
* archaeopteryx
* Pakicetus
*Pezosiren portelli
* Tiktaalik
What type of electromagnetic emission has the longest wavelength (think the EM spectrum)
Radiowaves
Explain why mRNA is necessary for the production of new proteins
DNA is unable to leave the nucleus, therefore it can not be directly used for the production of new proteins via ribosomes. mRNA copies a strand of DNA and is able to exit the nucleus into the cytoplasm where it can deliver the genetic information to working ribosomes.
Give an example of Newton's 3rd law in action
*Recoil from a gun
* Pushing against water to swim
* Pushing a wall
*Sitting on a chair
etc etc
Which of the following ALWAYS forms an aqueous solution, never an insoluble precipitate?
A) Any salt with nitrate as the anion component.
B) Any salt with lead as the cation component.
c) Any salt where carbonate is displaced by a sulfate.
A) Any salt with nitrate as the anion component.
Explain the history of the peppered moth in terms of natural selection.
Variations in the peppered moth populations typically saw the lighter moths as the dominant variant in most environments. However, during the industrial revolution, many environments became darker due to staining from soot, which led to darker moths having the evolutionary advantage and becoming the dominant subspecies, as they were better camoflagued against predators
Compare the movement of particles in a longitudinal wave vs transverse wave
In a longitudinal wave, particles move back and forth parallel to the wave's direction