RNA
What type of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?
What is messenger RNA (mRNA)?
What is the process of copying DNA into mRNA called?
What is transcription?
What is the process of converting mRNA into a protein called?
What is translation?
What is the basic unit of DNA?
Answer: Nucleotide
What is a mutation?
Answer: A change in the DNA sequence
What type of RNA makes up the structure of ribosomes?
What is ribosomal RNA?
What enzyme is responsible for synthesizing mRNA during transcription?
What is RNA polymerase?
Which organelle is known as the site of protein synthesis?
What is the ribosome?
What type of bond joins the base pairs in DNA?
Answer: Hydrogen bonds
What can cause mutations in DNA?
Answer: Environmental factors, errors in replication, chemicals, radiation
What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?
In which part of the cell does transcription take place?
What is the nucleus?
What are the building blocks of proteins?
What are amino acids?
What is the shape of a DNA molecule called?
Answer: Double helix
What is the effect of a point mutation?
Answer: It can change one amino acid in a protein
Describe the differences between mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
mRNA carries genetic info, tRNA brings amino acids, and rRNA forms ribosomes.
Describe the difference between coding and non-coding regions of DNA in relation to transcription.
Coding regions are transcribed into mRNA, while non-coding regions are not transcribed.
What role does tRNA play during translation?
What is to bring amino acids to the ribosome?
What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?
Answer: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
What is a frameshift mutation?
Answer: A mutation that shifts the reading frame of the genetic message
Why is it important to have different types of RNA in protein synthesis?
Each type of RNA has a specific role that ensures proteins are synthesized correctly and efficiently
What is the primary function of DNA?
Answer: To store and transmit genetic information
Explain what happens during the elongation phase of translation.
Hint: elongation makes you think of what?
Amino acids are added one by one to the growing polypeptide (protein) chain.
What is the difference between DNA and RNA structure?
Answer: DNA is double-stranded; RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.
DNA is double-stranded; RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.
How can mutations affect protein function?
Answer: They can alter the structure and function of the protein.