Early Policy Process
What governments choose to do or not to do.
What is policy
Arguing that the problem is not what it appears, and not appropriate for government are methods of this
What is agenda denial?
The systematic explanation for the observations that related to a particular aspect of life
What is theory
Space where relevant actors discuss policy issues and bargain in pursuit of their interests
what are policy subsystems
This step of the policy process is often ignored, yet important
what is policy evaluation
The most important part of the policy process
What is problem identification
The ways of knowing determines
What are values
Stated that we can predict policy type with the arena of power
Who is Theodor Lowi
When a higher level of government overrides or prevents a lower level of government from governing
What is preemption
This occurs after policy formation
What is budgeting
this includes actors from agencies, congressional committees, and interest groups
what is the iron triangle
Before it gets on the discussion (official) agenda, it must get here.
What is the public agenda
This is used to study policy transfer
What is the innovation and diffission framework?
This actor is the main agenda setter
What is the executive branch/president. What unofficial actors set the agenda?
This is inevitable in the policy process and is grounded in perceptions
What is policy failure
This is based on Comte's view of science and assumes people act rationally
What is positivism
These are used to set the agenda
Stories/symbols
Developed the Institutional Analysis Development (IAD) Framework.
Who is Elinor Ostrom
Only these actors can make policy
what are official actors
The most difficult part of the policy process
What is implementation
The process of defining, considering, and accepting or rejecting options
what is policy formation
This is counter to the value of security
What is liberty
This is an example of a constructionist framework
What is the social construction framework or narrative policy framework
Signs of regulatory/agency capture
Small or insufficient budget in relation to regulatory responsibilities
•Mission-inherent conflicts of interest
•Revolving door
•Pervasive client service mindset
Voluntary, direct coercive, and indirect coercive or types of this.
What is policy transfer