Basics
What does ABA stand for?
Applied Behavior Analysis
Describe DTT (Discrete Trial Training)
It involves taking one step at a time and move forward based on the child's progress
What is a preference assessment?
This tests the learner’s interest in objects or activities to identify potential reinforcers.
Name a type of indirect measurement
Interviews, surveys, rating scales
What is chaining?
breaking a skill down into its step by step componenents. Each step is taught and mastered and then chained together into a larger whole.
What is prompting?
To provide assistance or cues to encourage the use of a specific skill
What is positive reinforcement?
refers to the presentation of a stimulus (i.e., a consequence, a reinforcer), contingent on behavior that increases the probability of the behavior reoccurring in the future under similar conditions
What does ABC stand for?
Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence
What is direct measurement?
Observing a behavior directly and recording it
What is maintenance?
Refers to the ability to retain a previously acquired skill and perform it once the applied behavior procedures have been removed
What is negative reinforcement?
when something already present is removed (taken away) as a result of a behaviour and the behaviour that led to this removal will increase in the future because it created a favourable outcome
What is a token system?
a reinforcement strategy where generalized reinforcers (tokens) are exchanged for backup reinforcers (something the learner wants).
What is a reinforcer assessment?
It measure the effects of utilizing those items or activities as reinforcers.
Name 2 types of continuous measurements
Frequency, Latency, Duration, Inter-response time
What is generalization?
To apply newly acquired skills in a variety of situations (across people, settings, stimuli)
What is an extinction burst?
A behavior that occurs when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforced.
What is extinction?
A strategy in which reinforcement is discontinued in order to decrese or eliminate problem behaviors
When do we record ABC data?
When a maladaptive behavior takes place
What is interval recording?
The entire observation window is split up into blocks of time. It is, then observed, whether or not a behavior occurs during that time frame.
Breaking a complex skill into smaller, teachable units is the definition of...
Task Analysis
Name 3 types of prompts
Visual, Physical, Verbal, Model
Explain the difference between DTT and NET
DTT is a more structured approach (e.g. tablework), whereas NET is when the opportunity presents itself in the natural environment to teach the targeted skill
What are the functions of behavior?
Escape/Avoidance, Access to Tangibles, Sensory Stimulation/Automatic, Attention seeking
Name 2 types of discontinuous measurements
partial and whole interval, momentary time sampling
What is Differential reinforcement to alternative behavior (DRA)?
Reinforcement of an alternative behavior while withholding reinforcement for the inappropriate behavior