Types Of Scoliosis
The type of scoliosis diagnosed in patients age 11-18.
What is adolescent scoliosis?
The first step to conservative management of musculoskeletal back pain from muscle strain.
What is rest and physical therapy?
Name 2 critical physical exam assessments to be done when assessing a patient presenting with back pain.
What are inspection, gait evaluation, neurologic exam (sensation, strength, reflexes), palpation?
16 yo female with 5 months of back pain, difficulty sleeping, and fatigue, and depressed mood. On further history, pain is diffuse throughout her body. On exam several tender points noted on back, legs and arms. Lab work up is all normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is Fibromyalgia/chronic pain? Management includes education, exercise, CBT, can consider antidepressant pharmacotherapy.
The type of scoliosis that is diagnosed between the ages of 3 and 10.
What is juvenile scoliosis?
The patient bends forward at the waist with knees straight and feet together, allowing an observer to look for spinal, rib cage, or shoulder asymmetries.
What is the Adams forward bending test?
The gold standard treatment for osteomyelitis/discitis if no MRSA risk factors?
What is systemic antibiotics typically with cefazolin of clindamycin?
The percent of scoliosis that is idiopathic?
What is 85%?
What is surgical spinal fusion? What is 1 degree per year if over 50 degrees?
The type of scoliosis diagnosed in patients age 0-3.
What is the infantile scoliosis?
The tool used to assess the degree of torsion when asymmetry is observed on the Adams forward bending test.
What is the scoliometer?
The management plan for patients with a Cobb's angle of less than 10.
When do you provide reassurance that the spinal curve is not clinically significant?
The two most common pathogens causing discitis/osteomyelitis in children of all ages.
What are staphylococcus aureus and steptococcus pyogenes?
14 year old male with pain for 2 months that is worse with activity. On exam he has point tenderness along the iliac crest. What is the likely diagnosis?
The most common type of scoliosis.
What is idiopathic scoliosis?
The number of degrees on the scoliometer indicating the need for an X-ray.
What is 7 degrees?
The gold standard for management of scoliosis when the patient's Cobb's angle measures a curve between 20 and 44 degrees.
What is back bracing for 13-18 hours per day?
A pathogen that must be considered in a patient age 6 months to 5 years with osteodiscitis.
What is Kingella kingae?
14 year old male who plays high level travel soccer 6 days a week presents with acute on chronic back pain the lumbar region. He has had 3 weeks of back pain that acutely worsened following soccer practice yesterday evening. On exam, he has pain with hyperextension and focal tenderness, but normal neurologic exam. You order an MRI. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is spondylolysis/spondylolysis?
The type resulting from an imbalance of nerve and muscle contraction seen in patients with cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy and Friedrich ataxia.
What is neuromuscular scoliosis?
The angle measured on the Spine XR to assess for scoliosis.
What is the Cobb angle?
The gold standard intervention when the patient's Cobb's angle is a greater than 45 degree curvature.
What is surgical spinal fusion?
Four red flag symptoms related to back pain indicating the need for additional work up.
11-year-old boy who presented with unsteady gait, progressive back pain, bilateral lower limb weakness (more pronounced in the left leg), and urinary retention. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a uniformly intense extradural lesion at the T3–5 vertebral level on the left posterolateral side of the spinal canal. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is malignancy - most likely ewing sarcoma, consider leukemia and glial cell tumors?
Failure of formation or segmentation of the spine that can predispose the patient to development of scoliosis.
What is congenital scoliosis?
The degree of Cobb's angle indicating the need to refer the patient to orthopedics in a skeletally immature patient compared to in a skeletally mature patient.
What is 20 degrees versus 30 degrees?
The treatment/management of Spondylolysis/Spondylolisthesis.
What is rest for 8-12 weeks with gradual return to play and pain management with NSAIDs?
The percent of children who meet the criteria for diagnosing scoliosis.
What is 2-3%?
A 3 yo female presents to the ED with mild fever (37.5°C), irritability, fatigue, loss of appetite and lack of desire to play for 3 days, with history of 15 days of back pain and a fall hurting her back 1 month ago. Physical examination showed mild lumbar spine stiffness, gross restriction of lumbar movements and difficulty in walking. The back pain was exacerbated by movements and the patient was unable to bend over to pick up a little toy. CRP wnl, ESR 65, wbc 12. MRI is ordered. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is osteodiscitis, infection of the disc, soft tissue, and bone?