Are bacteria unicellular or multicellular?
What is unicellular?
What shapes are bacteria?
What are Sphere-shaped, rod-shaped and spiral-shaped?
What are the ways bacteria reproduce?
Binary fission, conjugation, bacterial transformation
What is the zone of inhibition?
What is an area on a petri plate where no bacteria was abale to grow due to an antibiotic present
What is a plasmid?
A circular structure of DNA that contains a few genes (not a whole DNA sequence) Bacteria can pick up plasmids from their environment when under stress
Is bacteria Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?
What is Prokaryotic?
Coccus =
What is Sphere-shaped?
What is binary fusion?
What is, a type of asexual reproduction where the bacteria divide and make a copy of themselves (daughter cells ar identical to parent cells)
How do you measure the zone of inhibition?
Start the “O” of the ruler in the center of the disc on the petri plates and measure out to the smallest edge of the zone. If there is bacterial growth up to the disc, the zone inhibition is zero
What are endospores?
Allow bacteria to survive in extreme environments. When there are no nutrients, drought, extreme heat or cold. Preserves genetic material until in better conditions
Bacteria Lacks...
What are Membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus?
Bacillius =
What is Rod-shaped
What is conjugation?
What is, When the pili share the genetic information from the plasmid (can pass the genes that resist antibiotics)
Describe the gram staining process:
1 minute crystal violet, 1 minute iodine, 10 seconds ethyl alcohol, 45 seconds safranin. Rinse with water after each step
What are extremophiles?
A type of organism that can live in extreme environments. Excessive heat, chemicals, that most cells find toxic radiation
Are Bacteria smaller or larger than a human cell?
What is, much smaller?
Sprillium =
What is Spiral-shaped?
What is bacterial transformation?
What is when bacteria take in DNA from their environment due to stress (high temp, chemical, etc.)
Gram staining allows us to…
Classify bacteria as either gram-positive or negative
Describe beneficial bacteria:
Some bacterial on your skin keeps pathogens from growing Help break down food & produce vitamins Used in foods we eat Can act as decomposers Can help in the Nitrogen Cycle to help plants receive Nitrogen
Bacteria contain...
Ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall
How do bacteria gain energy?
What is, can be autotrophs (make their own energy) or Heterotrophs ( gain energy form other species)?
Describe bacterial DNA:
What is Chromosomal DNA, double-stranded, not in a nucleus, can contain a plasmid
Gram-positive vs gram-negative:
Gram positive = appears purple, more resistant to antibiotics, indicates there is a thick peptidoglycan cell wall.
Gram negative = appears pink, indicates there is a thin peptidoglycan cell wall
What are antibiotics?
Help your immune system fight off harmful bacteria by damaging bacterial cell walls, block the production of proteins in bacteria Come in pill form, injected, IV