Virus History
What does virus mean in Latin?
poison
Viruses are measured in ____________________
nanometers
In this cycle, a bacteriophage will get in, replicate and lyse cell to invade other host cells
Lytic
Bacteria is measured in
micrometers
photosynthetic, but needs organic molecules for a source of carbon
photoheterotrophs
What was the Tobacco Mosaic virus and what did it cause
Mosaic pattern on tobacco plant leaves that caused disease
What are viruses made up of
nucleic acids, proteins, and sometimes a lipid envelope
In this cycle, a virus embeds its DNA into hosts DNA which is replicated with host cell’s DNA.
lysogenic
The cell wall of a bacterium is made of _________
peptidoglycan
virus contains RNA instead of DNA. Goes from RNA to DNA to RNA to protein.
Which scientist crystallized the TMV virus?
Wendell Stanley
Protein coat that covers virus
capsid
A ___________________ is bacteriophage DNA that gets embedded in the bacterial hosts DNA
prophage
type of reproduction where bacterial cells grow, double there cellular components and divide
binary fission
thrive in hot environments
–Hot springs
Thermophiles
infectious proteins that cause normal proteins in the brain to fold abnormally
prions
What are the parts of a bacteriophage
capsid, genetic information and tail fibers for attachment
In this cycle, a virus will go unnoticed for some years
lysogenic
hollow bridge forms so that bacteria can exchange genetic material
conjugation
What are the three domains of life
archaea, bacteria and eukarya
What are two examples of why viruses are considered nonliving
They crystallize and and they cannot reproduce independently
What is the difference between Gram + and Gram - bacteria?
Gram (+): thick peptidoglycan wall, less resistant to antibiotics; purple
Gram( - ):thin peptidoglycan wall, outer membrane, more deadly, greater resistance to antibiotics; pink
________________ are small doses of either killed, altered or live viruses. Body builds up antibodies against virus
vaccines
Name the three shapes of bacteria
coccus, bacillus, and spirilla
Name three ways bacteria is important
Nitrogen fixation, decomposers, human uses (food products, oil-eating bacteria, genetic engineering)