All About Viruses
Viral Replication
All About Bacteria
Bacteria Reproduction
Confetti
100
The first virus discovered was a virus that infected
Plants
100
In this cycle, Viruses get in, replicate and get out to invade other host cells.
Virulent (Disease causing)
Lytic
100
The Gram stain procedure determines a bacteria’s...
cell wall thickness
100
Asexual bacteria reproduction is called
binary fission
100
________________ are created so that bacteria can survive even in extreme conditions.
Endospores
200
A piece of viral protein that can cause disease is called a/n
Prion
200
Lysogenic cycle
200
Bacteria that make organic molecules from CO2 but use chemical reactions of inorganic chemicals instead of light,
Chemoautotrophs
Live deep in ocean vents (Hydrogen Sulfide)
200
“Sexual” bacteria reproduction is called
conjugation
200
Bacteria that are photosynthetic, but needs organic molecules for a source of carbon
Photoheterotrophs
300
A piece of naked RNA that only infects plants is referred to as a/n
Viroid
300
In what ways are the lytic and lysogenic cycles similar? How are they different?
They both involved viral replication. They both require a host. Both inject genetic material into cell.
In the lytic cycle, viruses quickly take over the host cell, make many copies, break the cell, and infect other cells.
In the lysogenic cycle, viruses sneak into the host's DNA, stay hidden, and wait. Later, they become active, make copies, and infect other cells
300
Bacteria that will die in the presence of oxygen
Obligate anaerobes
300
What process is taking place here? Describe what is happening.
Binary fission—grow, double cellular components, and divide
Asexual Reproduction
300
What is this? Explain how it invades...
Bacteriophage
A virus that infects bacteria.
Attach with tail fibers onto cell.
Inject nucleic acid into cell
400
Provide 2 reasons why Viruses are considered non-living
1. The are not made up of cells
2.They do not grow and reproduce by themselves.
3. They do not have metabolic activity
400
Name and describe this Replication process:
Lytic Cycle
Get in, replicate and get out to invade other host cells
Virulent (Disease causing)
Entry/ replication/ assembly and release
400
Describe gram staining. What is the difference between gram + and gram - bacteria?
Thick wall of peptidoglycan—purple color (Gram +)
Thin/no wall—pink/red color (Gram -)
400
What is this called? Explain what is taking place here.
Conjugation– hollow bridge forms so that bacteria can exchange genetic material.
Sexual Reproduction.
400
Name and describe the 2 heterotrophic types of bacteria
Chemoheterotrophs
take in organic molecules for energy and carbon source
EX: E. coli
Photoheterotrophs
photosynthetic, but needs organic molecules for a source of carbon
500
What are the two mandatory parts (and the one optional part) that make up a virus?
1. DNA / RNA
2. Protein coat (capsid)
3.Envelopes
4. Surface Projections
500
Name the 3 Common shapes of Viruses.
Rod
Helical
Icosahedral (20 sides)
500
What are 3 ways bacteria are beneficial
1. Decomposes/ Nitrogen fixers
2. Biotechnology/ Genetic Engineering
3. Bioremediation
500
Why is it important for bacteria to have multiple “reproductive” strategies?
Helps to maximize their reproductive potential as well as the production and release of large offspring.
500
What do some bacteria produce spores?
Some bacteria can form spores when growth conditions become bad (too hot/cold, too dry, no food)
Protective barrier
When conditions are good again, bacteria will grow again