Bacterial Structure
What domain or kingdom do common bacteria belong to?
Eubacteria
Which historical theory blamed diseases on bad air and foul odors?
Miasma theory
What benefit do human gut bacteria provide?
Breaks down complex foods
What shape is a bacterium classified as a coccus?
Spherical
How did John Snow investigate the 1854 London cholera outbreak?
Mapped cases to locate a contaminated water pump
Why is the term "stomach flu" misleading?
Influenza is a respiratory virus
Where is bacterial DNA located inside a prokaryotic cell?
Nucleoid region of the cytoplasm
What microscopic organism did Louis Pasteur connect to wine fermentation?
Yeast
Which bacterial pathogen causes plague and is transmitted through flea bites?
Yersinia pestis
What role does a bacterial capsule play in infection?
Helps evade the host immune system
According to Koch's postulates, what must an isolated pathogen do when introduced into a healthy host?
Causes the specific disease in a healthy host
What is an example of a chemical barrier in the body's first line of defense?
Antimicrobial enzymes in tears
Why are bacterial colonies grown on agar plates usually genetically identical?
Each colony develops from a single initial bacterial cell
Who accidentally discovered penicillin in 1928?
Alexander Fleming
What is the primary function of histamine during inflammation?
Widens blood vessels and makes them leakier