Bacterial Anatomy
The protective slime layer that can cover a bacterial cell is referred to as the:
capsule
Name an organelle only found in plants.
Chloroplasts, Thylakoids, Cell wall
Both animal and plant cells have this specific type of cell membrane:
phospholipid bilayer
What two domains are prokaryotes found in?
Archae, Bacteria
These are specialized structures that perform specific functions within a cell.
Organelles
A small ring of DNA that contains info for a certain structure or action
What is the "rough" part of the rough endoplasmic reticulum referring to?
Embedded ribosomes
In plant cells, the function of chloroplasts is to:
Create energy for the cell/photosynthesize
What is the main difference between the nucleus of a prokaryote vs. a eukaryote?
Prokaryote = not membrane-bound
Eukaryote = traditional nuclear membrane/envelope
What scientist coined the term "cell"?
Robert Hooke
Where can ribosomes be found in a bacterial cell?
Throughout the cytoplasm
What are the two subunits of a ribosome?
Protein and RNA
What are the other two groups included in eukaryotic cells other than animals and plants?
Fungi, protists
Eukaryotes are structurally ___________ compared to prokaryotes.
Complex
What scientist was the first to observe cells under a microscope?
Antonie van Leuwenhoek
The flagella helps a cell move by moving in a __________________-like motion.
Propeller
Describe the structure of a centriole:
A bundle of microtubules that form a basal body
What are the functions of the rough and smooth ER?
Protein, Lipid synthesis
Name 2 of the 3 main components of cytoplasm:
Water, salts, dissolved organic materials
What are the three statements of Cell Theory?
1. Cells are the basic unit of life
2. All living things are made of cells
3. Cells come from other, pre-existing cells
Compare and contrast the structure/function of cilia and fimbriae
Cilia: small, hair-like,whip-like movement to propel materials or push/pull a body
Fimbriae: short, sticky appendages used to latch to surfaces, catch/stick to food sources
The inner membrane of the mitochondria is called the ____________. This the site of _________________, the cells primary means of creating energy.
cristae; cellular respiration
Found within the nucleoli, this is a condensed form of DNA/RNA that cannot be read/replicated
Chromatin
When looking at the cell membrane of a prokaryote vs. a eukaryote, an easy way to differentiate between the two is to look for a polymer called ___________________ embedded in the membrane. If it is present, you are looking at a bacterial cell; if it is not, it is an animal or plant cell!
peptidoglycan
1. Limits nutrient/material needs
2. Maximizes surface area for optimal absoprtion of mats, nutreients, etc.
3. Allows for easier means of metabolism and replication