Pathogens & Immunity
True or False:
Viruses and bacteria are both pathogens.
True!
Which of the following is not located in a bacterial cell:
a. nucleus
b. DNA
c. cell membrane
d. ribosomes
a. nucleus
True or False:
Bacteria often live in colonies.
True!
-staphylo means they live in groups
-strepto means they line up
-diplo means they live in pairs
True or False?
All bacteria is harmful to humans.
False!
Most bacteria won't hurt you - less than 1 percent of the different types make people sick.
What is an antibiotic (What type of pathogens do they treat)?
A medicine used on living pathogens (like bacteria)
What is a pathogen?
A "sickness producer"
Function of pili
Hair-like structures used to adhere to other bacteria and surfaces.
The name of the process in which bacteria reproduces.
What is binary fission?
Scientists must us a stain when observing bacteria under a microscope. They may appear either...
Purple or Pink
(Gram + or Gram -)
Can you fight viruses with antiBIOtics? Why/why not.
No, antibiotics are used to fight off living pathogens (hence 'anti' and 'bio' in the word).
What is the main difference between bacteria and viruses?
Bacteria are living organisms; viruses are nonliving particles.
Function of flagella
Whip-like tails used for movement
Bacteria that can use light energy and CO2 to produce food.
photoautotrophs
Bacteria is an example of what kind of cell?
Prokaryote
How do antibiotics work to stop bacterial infections. (What structures on the cell do they target?)
Antibiotics target bacterial cell walls and the DNA inside the cell to kill them/stop them from reproducing.
Name at least one other type of pathogen other than bacteria or viruses.
Fungi, parasites, protists.
When looking in the microscope, gram positive bacteria appears...
purple!
To survive harsh conditions, bacteria may become dormant inside...
an endospore
Describe the appearance of the genetic material found in bacteria.
1 circular chromosome
True of False:
You should stop taking your prescribed antibiotic if your symptoms stop.
FALSE!
Always follow the doctor's instructions when taking antibiotics. Even if symptoms are gone, bacterial populations could still be present.
True or False:
Vaccines are most useful AFTER you have contracted a disease? Explain.
False! Vaccines contain parts of the pathogen to train our body in how to fight them in the future.
Gram positive bacteria contains a thicker cell wall than gram negative bacteria.
Which is harder for our immune systems to fight and why? (this is a trick question)
Gram-negative because they contain an extra outer layer.
Name and describe one way bacteria can increase their genetic variety.
-conjugation: 2 bacteria exchange DNA
-transformation: bacteria pick up DNA from environment
-transduction: DNA is transmitted by viruses
name a bacteria that colonizes in lines and each bacterial cell is circular in shape
streptococcus
Describe what might happen if humans overuse antibiotics?
BACTERIA (not humans) build a tolerance to the medicine and become harder to treat.