Streptococcal Pharyngitis/Scarlett Fever
What is the causative agent of strep throat and Scarlett fever?
What is Streptococcus pyogenes?
What is the causative agent of Diphtheria?
What is Corynebacterium Diphtheriae
What is the causative agent of this disease?
What is Bordetella pertussis?
What is the causative agent for pneumococcal pneumonia?
What is Streptococcus pneumoniae?
What are the virulence factors of tuberculosis
The mycolic acid
If Streptococcus pyogenes were to be placed onto a blood agar plate, what would you expect to see?
What is a clear zone?
What are the virulence factors of this disease?
Resistant to drying and has 2 strains, one toxigenic and one non-toxigenic strain
What is the main characteristic of Pertussis?
Its shape being coccobacillus
What is the main characteristic of this disease?
The fact that it's a diplococci
What are the main characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
It's an acid-fast bacterium, Bacillus, and an obligate aerobe
Name all possible virulence factors for Streptococcus pyogenes. If you miss one, that means no points
Streptokinase, B-hemolysin, capsules, M proteins, Hyaluronidase, and Erythrogenic toxins
If you hear a patient with a pseudomembrane, what strain would you suspect?
Non-toxigenic strain
What are the virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis?
The capsule and its tracheal cytotoxin
If you placed this bacterium onto a blood agar plate, what would you expect to see?
A green zone
In the pathogenicity of Tuberculosis, what forms in the lungs due to an abundance of macrophages?
What is a tubercle or tubercle region?
How do you prevent Streptococcus pyogenes?
Wearing masks and good respiratory hygiene
How do you treat a diphtheria toxigenic strain?
What are antitoxins?
What are the signs and symptoms of Pertussis?
Violent coughing
Besides performing a blood test on a patient, how else can we determine if someone has pneumococcal pneumonia?
If you test the urine and find capsular antigens within it
Explain how we end up with dormant tuberculosis
After the bacterium breaks out of the macrophages, they stop multiplying in the tubercle and remains dormant.
Explain how Scarlet fever gained the ability to make its toxin
A bacteriophage injects its plasmid DNA into the host cell. Phage DNA injects itself into the host DNA, giving it toxigenic abilities.
What are the 3 diphtheria vaccines, and what are their age ranges? (If you get one wrong, this is worth nothing)
What is the reason behind the violent coughing?
The tracheal cytotoxin paralyzes the cilia in the respiratory tract
What is the vaccine called for this disease? What does the vaccine cover?
Explain how a tuberculin skin test works.
We inject a tuberculin protein subdermally and wait for 48-72 hours for an induration to form. We have to wait a few days since the protein will interact with the delayed-hypersensitivity T-cells if Mycobacterium tuberculosis is present.