FALLACIES
Intentionally caricaturing a person's argument with the aim of attacking the caricature rather than the actual argument
Straw Man
committed when an argument is either devalued or defended solely because of its history
Genetic Fallacy
argument that attacks a person's character rather than what he or she is saying with the intention of diverting the discussion and discrediting the person's argument
Ad Hominem
exploits the ambiguity of language by changing the meaning of a word during the course of an argument
Equivocation
discrediting an argument for proposing an idea that is shared by some socially demonized individual or group
Guilt by Association
an argument that presents a set of two possible categories and assumes that everything in the scope of that which is being discussed must be an element of that set.
False Dilemma
the fallacy involves countering a charge with a charge, rather than addressing the issue being raised, with the intention of diverting attention away from the original argument
Appeal to Hypocrisy
when one generalizes from a sample that is either too small or too special to be representative of a population
Hasty Generalization
attempts to discredit a proposition by arguing that its acceptance will undoubtedly lead to a sequence of events, one or more of which are undesirable
Slippery Slope
Such an argument assumes a proposition to be true simply because there is no evidence proving that it is not
Appeal to Ignorance
such an argument uses the fact that a sizable number of people, or perhaps even a majority, believe in something as evidence that it must therefore be true
Appeal to Bandwagon