Chemistry of Life
Structure & Function
Here, there, & everywhere
Skills & Practices
Miscellaneous BAM!
Ecology
all things inheritance
100
WHY water molecules are able to 'climb the walls' of these cells
b/c water is polar covalent and the xylem is non-polar so adhesion takes place btwn the molecules
100
Na+ is being transported out of the cell by active transport, this requires _?_. Be very specific!
What is ATP hydrolysis
100
The active transport pump used to move Na+ across the membranes of gill cells in freshwater fish has each of the following characteristics EXCEPT: (a) requires energy; (b) it has a specific bonding site for sodium ions; (c) it is a protein; (d) it uses osmosis to carry ions into the cell; (E) it has a specific binding site for ATP
(d) uses osmosis to carry sodium ions
100
This diagram shows an experimental set up using dialysis tubing at the start of an experiment. After three hours glucose can be detected outside of the tubing but starch cannot. The best explanation for this final scenario is...
pores of the bag are larger than the glucose molecules but smaller than starch so the glucose escapes but starch does not
100
Examples of prokaryotic regulation.
What are A and C.
100
This is an example of __?__
What is niche partitioning or resource partitioning
100
The process being shown here is the start of ___ because ___
What is transcription because RNA is being produced from DNA.
RNA is being produced b/c there are uracils present instead of thymine
200
these monomers all have the same chemical formula C6H12O6, why do they have different properties?
isomers
200
Each of these organelles uses its double membrane to create a pH difference between two regions of the organelle the result is a gradient that drives the __ __ __.
What is the proton motive force.
200
The CFTR protein is made of 1,480 amino acids. Some humans produce a version of CFTR protein in which an amino acid is deleted from position 508. The deletion will most affect the structure of the protein at what level and why.
What is...the deletion will affect all three levels of the protein's structure.
200
the approximate molarity of the solution in which plant pieces are isotonic to their environment
what is 0.3 M
200
the specific metabolic process that is shown here is known as 
catabolism
200
Wolves were once native to Yellowstone National Park but they were hunted to the point of complete extinction within the park. Decades later researchers began looking at the location of stream beds and aspen populations in the park. Eventually, after research on trees, small birds, elk, and beaver were completed, the decision was made to reintroduce wolves. What does this indicate about the status of wolves in the Yellowstone ecosystem.
what is...wolves are a keystone species in Yellowstone.
200
genetic engineering techniques can be used when analyzing DNA and RNA. Scientists used gel electrophoresis to study transcription of gene L and found that mRNA strands of 3 different lengths were consistently produced. The process that produce and explain this result.
What is alternative splicing?
300
the specific portion of this amino acid that contributes to the hydrophobic behavior of this section of a polypeptide
what is the methyl group (CH3)
300
This diagram depicts the cooperation of various organelles within the __ __. Especially important is the recycling of __ that is exemplified here.
What is the endomembrane system.
phosphoplipids
300
The efficiency of oxygen exchange is being considered in an experiment. Other conditions being equal, the artificial cell is likely to be the most efficient at exchanging oxygen with the atmosphere would have _?_ cellular shape: (a) tetrahedral; (b)cuboidal; (c) cylindrical; (d) spherical
(b) cuboidal
300
This gel shows the banding patterns for a family of five and another female (x). No ladder is provided.
The banding pattern reveals __?__
What is:
the mother is NOT the biological parent for all three kiddos (not #3) OR
S is the mother's child from another union
300
what emergent property of water is depicted here
surface tension
300
the cladogram that provides the simplest and most accurate representation of the data in the table.
what is, A.
300
The trait yellow coat color in Labrador retrievers is due to the epistasis of the homozygous ee alleles which don't allow the pigment black or brown to be expressed.
What is 1/4?
400
a description of the properties of the numbered regions 
1 & 3 are polar b/c the membrane molecules are aligned with water
2 is nonpolar b/c fatty acids will not dissolve in water
400
The chloroplast demonstrates how compartmentalization of cellular structures works to isolate key processes. These two processes are compartmentalized within which regions of the chloroplast.
What is the light reactions along the thylakoid membrane and Calvin cycle in stroma of the chloroplast.
400
A typical bag of fertilizer contains high levels of N, P, and K but trace amounts of Mg and Ca. Which of the following best matches the fertilizer component that will be incorporated by the organisms in the area? (a) P will be incorporated into the aa; (b) N will be incorporated into nucleic acids; (c) K will be incorporated into lipids; (d) Mg will be incorporated into carbohydrates
what is...(b) N will be incorporated into nucleic acids
400
You can conclude that the pH of the control vs the treatment in this experiment is ___.
The type of cellular metabolism that is taking place is likely ___?
What is
pH is consistently LOWER in the treatment culture
fermentation - b/c the chemical treatment is decreasing the pH
400
The genotype of both parents of these offspring.
What is both parents were heterozygous for pea color and pea shape.
400
Yellow-billed cuckoos hatch in mid-July. Emerging cicadas are a primary food source for nesting cuckoos. Predict what will happen to the ecosystem if a wildfire ravages the cottonwoods in late spring.
what is interspecific competition will increase as the food web crashes; the cuckoo pop will decrease but every other species will also decrease
400
In meiosis genetic material is said to be __ once and __ twice such that the __ number will be maintained in the offspring.
What is:
replicated once,
divided twice
so that the diploid number will be maintained in the offspring.
500
The formation of a peptide bond will occur in __ because ___
what is A because the carboxyl end of the dipeptide is positioned adjacent to the amine group of the next momoner
500
The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell functions to compartmentalize the processes of __ __ and __ __.
What is...alternative splicing and protein synthesis?
500
If 30% of the nucleotides in a RNA molecule are adenine, then what % are expected to be thymine? Explain why (a) 20%; (b) 0%; (c) 70%; (d) 30%
(b) 0% b/c RNA doesn't have thymine
500
Based on the information in these graphs how could the experimenters DECREASE transpiration at 8 am
cause the stomata to close OR increase the humidity of the environment OR increase the water potential of the atmosphere OR place the plant in total darkness
500
oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis both require a membrane to couple...
the transport of H+ to the synthesis of ATP
500
Growth in a population over time can be described by curves such as this. Point E exemplifies __ __ which is limited by...
What is
carrying capacity
which is limited by food, shelter, water, mates, space....whatever is in shortest supply.
500
in a population of fruit flies curled wings (c) are recessive to normal wings (C);
ebony fruit flies (e) are recessive to grey fruit flies (E);
and eyeless flies (n) are recessive to normal eyed flies (N)
If a pair of fruit flies with the following genotypes are mated, CcEeNn X ccEeNn
the chances of having offspring that are curled winged, ebony colored, and normal eyed are ___
What is 3/32
600
The same monomer is used repeatedly in all three of these very different carbohydrates. Identify each of the three A, B, C polysaccharides based on the basic structure
What is
A = starch
B = cellulose...note the up/down pattern of alpha and beta linkages; this eliminates the ability to form branched structures
C = glycogen, animal storage, all alpha 1-6 linkages, allows for branching
C = glycogen; branched but all of the bonds are made by alpha 1-6
600
Specific, conceptual reason, WHY mitochondria provide an evolutionary advantage for the process of cellular respiration.
What is cristae maximize the surface area to volume ratio within mitochondrion.
600
The specific type of receptor circled in red?
What is a tyrosine kinase receptor?
600
The rate of oxygen consumption of variety B at 17 degrees C.
What is 0.065 mL/min
(5.2 - 0 mL)/(80-0 min)
600
The area bracketed by red boundaries demonstrates a ___ which, as shown, can lead to ___
What is a phosphorylation cascade?
more than one cellular response
600
A fish population of 250 animals in a pond, has a maximum annual rate of increase of 0.8; if the carrying capacity of the pond is 1,500 for this species, the expected population size after 1 year will be
= rmaxN(K-N/K)
=8*250(1500-250/1500) = 166.7
add that 166.7 to 250 = 417
600
The data shown are the result of three different crosses involving a gene that determines color. The mechanism of inheritance shown is __?__
What is the allele for blue is x-linked dominant.
B/c there are no blue male offspring in cross #2