Instruments!
A major innovation of the Baroque period, this collection of string, fretted, low woodwind, and keyboard instruments played the bass line and filled out the harmony.
What is the continuo group?
What is a cantata?
This oratorio received its London premiere in 1743; cast in three parts, it is a choral reflection on the prophecy/birth, life/death, and divinity of Jesus Christ.
What is Handel's Messiah?
In a fugue, this is the term for overlapping subject entrances.
What is stretto?
Balanced phrases, direct expression, structural cohesion, and an emphasis on melody were all major characteristics of this musical period.
What is the Classical era?
In his Requiem, Mozart used these now out-of-fashion tenor-range woodwind instruments to add depth and darkness to the instrumental color of the work.
What is the basset horn?
What is a chorale cantata?
In Haydn's Creation, the orchestra is often the primary vehicle for this expressive musical tool which helps audiences understand the work.
What is text painting?
This Venetian composer wrote both stile antico and stile moderno works, epitomized in his Vespers of 1610 (which included imitative counterpoint, cantus firmus, monody, and more).
Who is Claudio Monteverdi?
"Stile antico" or "prima prattica" was a musical style characterized by careful control of dissonance, best seen in the works of this Renaissance composer.
Who is Palestrina?
These brass instruments commonly doubled vocal lines in the Classical era, arising from a practice at the Salzburg cathedral.
What are alto, tenor, and bass trombones?
Written for the well-trained girls of the Ospedale della Pietà in Naples, this work combines a Mass Ordinary text with the popular cantata form.
What is Vivaldi's Gloria in D?
Oratorios arose as sacred alternatives to this genre, particularly during Lent; they share many characteristics including choruses, arias, and recitiatives, simply without costumes or staging.
What is opera?
This German composer studied in Venice with Gabrieli, worked at the court in Dresden, and composed a set of pieces called Geistliche Chor-Musik that would soon influence J.S. Bach in Leipzig.
Who is Heinrich Schütz?
High Classical music reflects the best ideals of this intellectual movement in that it embodies rational clarity and order and makes a direct appeal to the listener without "undue obscurity."
What is the Enlightenment?
This piece of music from the early Baroque period includes one of the earliest examples of specified instrumentation.
What is Gabrieli's "In ecclesiis?"
Operatic forms continued to influence cantata writing throughout the Baroque period; in addition to choral fantastias, chorale, and arias, this musical idiom also appeared in J.S. Bach's cantatas.
What is recitative?
What is a "turba" chorus?
This famous double fugue uses two contrasting subjects -- one on "Kyrie," one on "Christe" -- to create tension, drama, and harmonic drive.
What is the Kyrie from Mozart's Requiem?
This prominent aesthetic theory in the Baroque era posited that music could evoke specific emotions or "affections" in the listener; it led to multi-movement works wherein each movement expressed different emotional states.
What is the Doctrine of Affections?
This type of Mass composition celebrates important church festivals/celebrations by incorporating more instruments (esp. trumpets and drums) and greater musical complexity than its shorter sister, the Missa Brevis.
What is a Missa Solemnis?
In his Cantata 80, "Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott," Bach incorporated a chorale tune by this famous German preacher and hymn writer.
Who is Martin Luther?
Who is Gottfried van Swieten?
Franz Xaver Süssmayr is best known for his completion of this famous choral work.
What is the Mozart Requiem?
Besides Haydn and Mozart, who is the other composer that makes up the "Viennese School" of Classical composers?
Who is Ludwig van Beethoven?