Expertise
This phenomena is sometimes seen by teachers who have high levels of content knowledge (and sometimes less pedagogical experience), resulting in their being unaware that they are assuming students have similar foundational knowledge and skills that they actually lack.
What is the expert blind spot?
This occurs when new information causes mistakes in recalling older information/representations
What is retroactive interference
According to the article we read, this group was found to have the highest level of math anxiety across all college majors tested.
Who are elementary education majors
This is the type of engagement that involves other people's' ideas, and is the most effective for learning.
What is interactive engagement?
This type of definition involves specifically articulating exactly what something means in a way that makes it concrete and measureable.
What is an operational definition?
The first step in becoming an expert in something.
What is initial interest or exposure?
This is the stage of information processing that has the most support for explaining why stereotype threat impacts performance.
What is working memory?
This behavior by mothers with high math anxiety can hurt their daughters' math learning
What is helping them with homework
This is the characteristic of research that implies that it addresses an existing need or question in education.
What is applicable?
This is required for learning information and skills, and involves repetition to develop knowledge.
What is practice?
This process, developed from a great deal of practice and experience, allows experts to use much less working memory than non-experts.
What is automatization?
This is one way teachers can reduce stereotype threat, which might be done by demonstrating that they support, care about, and will be fair to students from different groups, such as students of color.
What is instilling trust?
This group of children show a more equitable view of who is more likely to be "really, really smart" compared to their peers, who show a more egocentric view.
Who are female 6-7 year olds (compared to all males and younger females)
Translational research should be this, which means that it is possible to disprove it.
What is falsifiable?
These are the internal (cognitive) structures of understanding that allow us to encode, process, and store our experiences
What are mental representations?
Compared to novices, expert mental representations are more advanced in organization, making them more effective for this skill.
What is application?
These can occur when inaccurate or incomplete information is repeatedly suggested to us that we then use to fill in our representation of a past event. For example, when someone tells you something in detail that happened to you (but didn't!) and you then form a representation of that event.
What are false memories
Beliefs about a negative group stereotype that one is a member of can have what type of effect on performance?
What is negative
This is the past knowledge and skills you have acquired that shape how you think and make sense of the world.
What is prior knowledge?
This is the driving component of the nature of science and scientific method, used in determining what methods will be used and clearly identifying what will be learned from research.
What are questions?
The most important step in becoming an expert in something.
What is practice? (and the practice needs to be effective - usually requires a highly effective coach and strong metacognitive skills, discipline, and commitment)
The finding that a prevention focus led to improved performance when stereotype threat was activated supports this theory. (i.e., this is when a person's goal/what they are focusing on matches the nature of the task reward)
What is regulatory fit?
This is when one is at risk of confirming, as self-characteristic, a negative stereotype about one’s group.
What is stereotype threat?
This aspect of the research process comes during attempts to disseminate research, and involves experts who identify limitations to the research and evaluate the soundness of all steps of the scientific process. It helps to make research trustworthy, improves the impact of research dissemination, and can help to reduce levels of academic dishonesty.
What is peer-review?
This is what determines whether or not we perceive sensory information, and is guided by our mental representations (such as what we are expecting).
What is attention?