Atoms & Elements
Which 6 elements make up the majority of the weight of living organisms?
C, H, O, N, P, S
Which electron shell determines the chemical properties/types of bonds that an atom can make?
Valence (outermost) shell
What does a chemical formula tell us about a molecule?
How many of each type of atom there is in the molecule.
The ability of water molecules to stick to each other and create surface tension is called ______.
Cohesion
Sweating is an example of which property of water?
heat of evaporation/evaporative cooling
How do we determine the atomic mass/weight of an atom?
# of protons + # of neutrons
An atom that has lost or gained an electron is called an _____
ion
The process of making a chemical bond is called a ______.
chemical reaction
TRUE or FALSE: Adhesion is the ability of water molecules to stick to nonpolar surfaces.
False
pH is a measure of _______ in a solution.
H+ (hydrogen ion) concentration
What is an atomic isotope?
An atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons
When atoms equally share electrons, they form a _________.
non-polar covalent bond
Table salt (NaCl) is an example of which type of chemical bond?
Ionic
Which of the following is the MOST dense form of water?
1. warm water
2. cold water
3. frozen water
2. cold water
What is considered alkaline/basic pH?
above 7
The first energy shell can hold ____ electrons, and additional shells can hold _____ electrons.
2, 8
_____ is an example of a molecule that forms _______ bonds where electrons are not shared equally.
Water, polar covalent
Which type of chemical bond is considered the "weakest"?
Hydrogen bonds
_______ substances dissolve easily in water.
Polar
Each unit on the pH scale is a ______ change in the concentration of ions in the solution.
10x
The outermost shell of electrons is called the ______ shell.
Valence
Which group on the periodic table do not form bonds with other atoms and are considered chemically inert?
TRUE or FALSE: nonpolar molecules are able to form hydrogen bonds with other nonpolar molecules.
False
The ability of water to absorb a large amount of thermal energy without a large change in temperature is known as _________.
heat capacity (high heat capacity)
The function of a buffer is to ________.
keep pH within a "normal" range/resist changes to pH