Parkinson's Disease
What is bradykinesia
slow movement
The humoral immune response includes which white blood cells
the humoral immune response (synonym: antibody response), begins with the B lymphocytes, which can transform themselves into plasma cells that manufacture antibodies. An antibody is a protein substance developed by the body, transported in the bloodstream, and attempts to disable invaders
Nurse finds a wastebasket on fire in the patient's room. Nurse takes the patient out, what is the next nursing action?
Activate the fire alarm
RACE= rescue, alarm (sound the alarm), confine and extinguish the fire
condition is characterized by a triad of symptoms that includes motor dysfunction, cognitive impairment and behavioral features
Huntington's Disease
What does the Ig in IgG, IgM, IgE, etc. stand for? What are they?
immunoglobulin
antibodies
What is Parkinson's Disease characterized by: list 3
tremor, bradykinesia (slow movement) rigidity, and postural instability. The face becomes increasingly masklike and expressionless, and the frequency of blinking decreases.
This immunity is passed from a mother to her baby.
Passive acquired immunity is temporary immunity transmitted from a source outside the body that has developed immunity through previous disease or immunization. (also natural)
How should the nurse respond to a patient who wanders
gentle persuasion, distraction, or by placing the patient close to the nursing station
Wandering behavior, which may be worse in the hospital due to unfamiliar surroundings
Which motor dysfunction is most prominent in Huntington's
the most prominent is chorea, or rapid, jerky, involuntary, purposeless movements; (dance like)
A type of disease in which the body is unable to recognize its own cells as a part of itself
autoimmune disease
Which neurotransmitter is associated with Parkinson's Diseas
decreased levels of dopamine resulting from degeneration of dopamine storage cells in the substantia nigra in the basal ganglia region of the brain
Appears as the first immunoglobulin produced in response to bacterial and viral infections.
IgM
the absence or inadequate production of immune bodies
immunodeficiency
If one parent has Huntington's, what is the likelihood the child will have it...give a percent
Because it is transmitted by an autosomal dominant gene, each child of a parent with Huntington disease has a 50% risk of inheriting the disorder
What finding would be indicative of a stage 2 pressure injury?
Partial-thickness skin loss with exposed dermis; skin is not intact
Stage 3= Full thickness skin loss
Stage 4=Exposed bone, tendon or muscle
Which medication offers symptom relief for Parkinson's and relief fades over time
Levodopa-Carbidopa Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the basal ganglia, producing symptom relief. Carbidopa is often added to levodopa to avoid metabolism of levodopa before it can reach the brain. Carbidopa allows the use of less levodopa so less side effects (nausea, vomiting). beneficial effects of levodopa therapy are most pronounced in the first year or two of treatment. Benefits begin to wane and adverse effects become more severe over time
Takes part in allergic and some hypersensitivity reactions
IgE
There is not a cure for alzheimer's disease, which medication can be used to help maintain memory
Cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil hydrochloride (Aricept) and rivastigmine tartrate, (Exelon) enhance acetylcholine uptake in the brain, thus maintaining memory skills for a period of time. Cognitive ability may improve within 6 to 12 months of therapy. Rivastigmine is indicated for severe AD and it is recommended that treatment continue as long as possible.
What is the prognosis of Huntington's Disease
It is a progressive disorder, leading to disability and death, usually from an intercurrent illness
When the body is invaded or attacked by bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens, what is the first line of defense
The first line of defense, the phagocytic immune response, primarily involves the WBCs (granulocytes and macrophages), which ingest foreign particles and destroy the invading agent; eosinophils are only weakly phagocytic. Phagocytes also remove the body’s own dying or dead cells.
How is deep brain stimulation used in Parkinson's Disease
The generator sends high-frequency electrical impulses to the thalamus, thereby blocking the nerve pathways associated with tremors in Parkinson’s disease.
The cell mediated immune response includes which cells?
T lymphocytes, which can turn into special cytotoxic (or killer) T cells that can attack the pathogens. T-helper, T suppressor, T cytotoxic, lymphokines
Appears as the first immunoglobulin produced in response to bacterial and viral infections
IgM
What is the goal of treatment for Huntington's Disease
optimizing life, treating symptoms, safety and comfort (collaborative care, such as speech, PT)
Which immune response involves T cells?
(humoral, nonspecific, cell mediated)
Cell-mediated