Terminology
The three main particles found in an atom.
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
This bond involves sharing electrons.
Covalent bond
The ion associated with acids and bases.
H+, hydrogen ion
The four types of macromolecules.
Carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Which macromolecule would you choose to eat if you are getting ready to run a marathon?
Carbohydrates for a fast source of energy.
This will tell you the number of protons present in an element.
Atomic number
This bond forms when electrons are transferred between atoms.
Ionic bond
Acids release an ion and can also be referred to as a
Proton donor
These are the small building blocks of macromolecules.
Monomers
The difference between Inorganic and Organic compounds.
Inorganic compounds do NOT contain carbon usually are salts, water, or acids.
Organic compounds contain carbon, usually macromolecules, and are large molecules.
This subatomic particle has a negative charge.
Electron
This bond can form between close water molecules.
Bases take up an ion and can be referred to as a
Proton acceptor
The small building blocks of macromolecules join to form many
Polymers
Name one difference between DNA and RNA.
DNA contains the instructions, double-stranded, deoxy sugar, AGCT.
RNA carries info to make proteins, single-stranded, ribose sugar, AGCU.
The difference between atoms and elements.
An atom is a building block, a single unit of matter. An element is a pure substance made of only one type of atom.
This type of covalent bond features unequal sharing of electons.
Polar covalent
How can water molecules interact with other water molecules?
Water is polar,, giving partial charges to the oxygen and hydrogen, which attract the opposing charge of a nearby water molecule.
What type of reaction joins smaller molecules together to build large molecules?
Synthesis reactions
Name 2 factors that can influence the rate of a chemical reaction.
Temp, concentration, particle size, or catalysts.
The difference between a molecule and a compound.
A molecule is made of the same or different atoms, and a compound is made up of 2 or more different elements.
How is a water molecule a polar covalent bond?
Oxygen is more electronegative, pulling the negative charge toward it and leaving the hydrogens with a partial positive charge.
Give 2 properties of water.
High heat capacity, high heat of vaporization, polar solvent, reactivity, or cushioning.
Identify the molecule that every macromolecule releases when it is broken down into smaller molecules.
Water
A student says, “Water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds.” Is this completely correct? Explain.
Not entirely, covalent bonds hold the atoms within an individual water molecule together, while hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules.