Nuclear atom
Smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of the element.
Atom
States the number of valence electrons. For example the group 1 elements have similar chemical properties because they all have the same number of valence electrons. 18 columns
Groups or families
It is the representation of the arrangement of electrons distributed among the orbital shells in an atom.
Electron configuration
It is the study of the carbon compounds. Examples: carbohydrates and proteins.
Organic chemistry
Is the sum of all reactions that occur in an organism, most of them occurs in the cytoplasm.
Metabolism
Occupies a very small part of the center of an atom
Nucleus
States the outer energy level of an element's occupied by electrons - 7 rows
Periods or levels
The attractive forces that hold atoms together in molecules or formula units.
Chemical bond
4
Are composed of one or more chains of amino acids. All of the amino acids in these chains contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
Proteins
Has a negative charge and its mass is extremely small. it moves around the nucleus in defined spaces called orbitals
Electron
A number that corresponds to the number of protons of the element.
Atomic number
Principle that establishes that electrons will occupy the lowest energy level possible, and “build up” to higher Energy levels.
Aufbau principle
Group of hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Since they require a two carbons the smallest alkene is ethene. General formula CnH2n
Are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (CHO), with a proportion of two hydrogen atoms for every oxygen
Carbohydrates
Scientist that: Identified the electron with a negative charge and established the plum-pudding model.
Joseph Thomson
Exhibit physical and chemical properties that are typical both of metals and nonmetals. They are generally used to build technological components such as chips for computers. They are semiconductors
The type of bond between opposite ions. Involve the transfer of electrons. Metal + Non metal
Ionic bond
How do we call the atoms or groups of atoms attached to a hydrocarbon chain?
Functional groups
Are molecules that are insoluble in water, including steroids, waxes, fatty acids and triglycerides. In common language, triglycerides are fats if they are solid at room temperature or oils if they are liquid at room temperature.
Lipids
Scientist that mentioned that matter is composed of indivisible particles termed atoms. In Greek, the word "atom" means "indivisible".
Democritus
A model that uses electron-dot structures to show how valence electrons are arranged in molecules. Pairs of dots or lines represent bonding pairs
Lewis structure
Positive ion formed when metals lose valence electrons. Ex: K+, NH4+1
Cation
Are alkanes in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by a halogen atom of group 7A. Most commonly Fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. It is a type of functional groups
Alkyl halides or halogenoalkanes
Type of metabolism that breakdown complex molecules into simpler molecules.
Catabolism