Hot Spots & Blisters & Sprained Ankles
What is a hotspot?
An area of red skin that is inflamed, infected and looks like a bad rash.
What are 3 things you can use to apply pressure on an open wound?
examples
- gauze
- waterproof lightweight jacket
- a piece of clothing etc.
How do you treat frostbite?
Apply a warm dry compress to the affected area.
What time is the sun the strongest?
10 A.M. - 4 P.M.
Should you rub or massage skin? Why or why not.
No, this can cause cardiac arrest!
What is the acronym for what you do with a sprained ankle? Bonus 50 Points if you can name the words the acronyms stand for!
RICE
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
If someone has an open wound what are two or three things they can clean it with?
- hydrogen peroxide
- alcohol (medical grade)
- soap and water
Why would you need a splint and how do you make a splint if you are in the forest and what can you use?
You would need a splint if you broke a bone or twisted or sprained something. You can make a splint from using a stick and a piece of clothing. You line the stick up with bone in a comfortable position and tie it in place using rope or an article of clothing.
What are 3 things you can do to prevent sunburn?
What could happen if you don't use each item?
Wear sunglasses, a hat, and sunscreen.
Temporary or permanent eye damage, sunburns, and risk for melanoma.
True or False
People with lower body fat have a lower chance of getting hypothermia? What about super athletic and fit people?
FALSE!
Skinnier, thinner, and more athletically fit people have a higher chance of getting hypothermia because they can cool down faster, cooling their core body temperature.
https://www.seattlechildrens.org/pdf/hypothermia_brochure.pdf
What are the differences between blisters and calluses?
Blisters are filled with pus or blood and calluses are callouses are a cluster of thick amounts of skin.
How do you treat 1st degree burns? What are 3 things you should not do and why?
For first degree burns you can remove jewelry and clothes around burn site and run them under cool water, and wrap in gauze. You shouldn't use cold water or ice because it can damage the skin, don't use cotton to wrap. because it sticks to the wound and increases chances of infection, and don't use butter or homemade remedies because they increase chances of infection and slow the healing process.
What are 1st 2nd and 3rd degree burns?
1st degree (superficial) burns only have the outer layer of skin (epidermis), and are red, dry and painful.
2nd degree (partial thickness) burns have deeper burns in layers of skin, (dermis), are dry, red, painful, blistered, and sometimes swollen
3rd degree burns (full thickness) are the deepest and most burned, having the epidermis and dermis being destroyed, possibly the tendons, muscle, bones. It is also white or charred and will need hospitalization, treatment, and rehabilitation.
When should you go see a doctor?
Bonus 100 points if you can tell me what the minimum temperature you should be to see a doctor?
Bonus 20 Points if you can tell me what are some signs of an infection.
If there are blisters covering large parts of your body, including hands and face, signs of infection, or if you have a fever, worsens over days, has confusion, fainting, or dehydration.
A fever over 103 Fahrenheit
An infection is warm or hot to the touch, server swelling, and has red lines around or near the site.
What are two or more things you could do for someone who has hypothermia?
Bonus 20 points for more solutions and if you can say answer what to do if they are wet!
1. Give them a blanket.
2. Lay them on a blanket if you are outside.
3. Apply a warm, dry, compress to the neck and chest.
4. Give them a warm, decaffeinated, non-alcoholic, drink.
5. Remove all wet clothing, even if you have to cut them off.
If you have a blister when should you go see a doctor? What does an infected blister look like?
If you get flu-like symptoms, fever, or chills, while you have your blister. Or if it's infected. Red streaks near the blister, redness or warmth, pain, pus, or swelling.
What are two things you should cary in your bag that are overlooked? Hint: this has to do with allergies and allergic reactions! What are two scenarios when you can use these?
Epipen (epinephrine), and certain allergy or pain medications. Epipens are a slightly higher grade level of anti allergy medications. You can use these if you are stung by a bee and go into anaphylactic shock or have come into contact with something you are allergic to like poison ivy.
What does the acronym ABC stand for?
How do you do CPR
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
CPR is 30 compressions, open airway, 2 breaths, repeat
What are the 8 signs of dehydration?
- Headaches - Tiredness
- Dizziness or Lightheadedness
- Muscle Weakness - less pee
- Thirst - no tears when crying
- Dry Mouth
What are 10 signs of hypothermia? Bonus 50 points per extra signs.
- Confusion - Fatigue - Shivering
- Difficulty Speaking - Tiredness
- Stiff Muscles - Uncontrolled Breathing
- Loss of Coordination or Motor Skills
- Blue or Cold Skin - Enlarged Pupils
- irregular Heartbeat - Weak Pulse
What happens if your sprain doesn't heal on it's own?
BONUS POINTS 20 points if you know what the surgeons do!
You will need surgery and physical therapy.
Surgeons will go and tighten the ligaments in your ankle. They will make an incision, you'll be under general anesthesia, and you can go home after surgery. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/lateral-ankle-ligament-reconstruction#:~:text=Lateral%20ankle%20ligament%20reconstruction%20is,go%20home%20the%20same%20day.
What are 4 things to do if you are bitten by a snake? What are 3 things not to do?
1. Get away from the snake and leave it alone.
2. Call an ambulance or emergency health services.
3. Stay calm and stay where you are. The venom will travel quicker if you move.
4. Wrap your limb to slow the spread of venom and bandage.
1. Do not try to wash the venom out because the hospital will need to know what type of venom is in your bloodstream.
2. Don't tourniquet your limb because this can stop blood flow altogether in that limb.
3. Don't try to suck or cut the venom out because this can make it spread faster and harm blood vessels, nerves, and muscles.
When do you apply a tourniquet, how do you apply a tourniquet, what can you use, and what does it do? Bonus 100 Points if you know what else you should do and why and what is a bad outcome!
You use a tourniquet if someone is excessively bleeding, you apply it above the wound so it is between the wound and your abdomen. You can use a piece of clothing to stop the blood and a tourniquet stops the blood flow so you don't bleed out. Bonus you should write the time so the paramedics know how long a limb was deprived of blood flow and if it is still salvageable or if they have to amputate the limb.
Can tanning beds decrease your chance of getting sunburns?
What do tanning beds and the sun do your body?
What can you get from long exposures in the sun?
No, this doesn't decrease your chances of getting sunburns or melanoma. Tanning beds and the sun increase you melanin, the cells that darken the pigment in your skin, giving you a tan. Long exposure in the sun can increase your chances of getting cancer. This cancer is called Melanoma, and it's a skin cancer that looks like dark spots on your skin.
Where should you apply heat AND what are you applying heat from?
BONUS POINTS for who can tell me what not to use, where not to put it, why not, and what would happen if you did. Only if you can answer every question with at least 1 example, 100 points. Each example after that is another 20 points!
You should use a warm, dry, compress to the neck and chest.
NOT a heating pad, heating blanket, or heating lamp. This can cause nerve and skin damage, irregular heartbeats, and cardiac arrest. These can also be caused by putting these or a warm, dry, compress on outer limbs. By doing this cold blood is being sent towards the organs like your brain, heart, and lungs, and will lower your core body temperature and can cause death.