LIPIDS 1
where do we find fat in our food?
naturally occurring (coconut, avocado, dairy, oils)
added in preparation/processing by manufacturers
added by the consumer
list 4 examples of foods that contain 100% of energy as fat
1. salad oils
2. butter
3. margarine
4. mayo
AMDR for fat?
and what is the recommendation for saturated fat?
20%-35% of total kcal from fat
less than 10% of total kcal from saturated fat
what term is for the buildup of fatty material in the artery walls?
atherosclerosis
the two types of fatty acids
saturated & unsaturated
saturated = all C-C single bonds
unsaturated = 1 or more C-C bonds is a double bond
list some sources of omega-6s (linoleic acid)
sunflower, safflower, corn, soybean, peanut oils, meat
list some sources of omega-3s (alpha-linolenic acid)
soybean, canola, flaxseed oil, fish, meat
list 4 food sources of omega 3 fatty acids
1. flaxseed
2. walnuts
3. soy
4. fish oils
what are the 2 things needed for lipid digestion? and what produces these 2 things?
bile (emulsifies lipids in GI tract) --> liver
lipase (enzyme for lipid digestion) --> pancreas
what exactly are fatty acids?
chain of carbons with hydrogens; always an even number of carbons
what are the 3 forms of lipids?
triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols
omega 3s (alpha-linolenic acid) ___ inflammation, ____ blood clotting, ___ BP
REDUCES; REDUCES; REDUCES
what is needed to transport triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood or lymph?
lipid transporter
normal blood cholesterol amount?
< 200 mg/dl
omega 6 (linoleic acid) ___ inflammation, ___ blood clotting, ___ BP
INCREASES; INCREASES; INCREASES
what are the 2 essential fatty acids? and why are they considered essential??
alpha-linolenic acid (omega 3)
linoleic acid (omega 6)
essential in the diet bc our body can't synthesize these compounds
how much cholesterol is MADE BY YOUR BODY and how much is from the diet? (fraction form)
2/3 is made by the body, 1/3 is from the diet
what do triglycerides contain? in terms of it's structure
1 glycerol; 3 fatty acids
where are lipids stored in the body? and what are they stored as?
stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue
what are some important aspects of essential fatty acids?
formation of phospholipids for cell membranes, eye heath (DHA), regulate blood clotting, regulate BP, control immune system
functions of triglycerides/FAs
functions of essential FA
energy, provide essential FAs, insulation and protection, carry fat soluble vitamins
regulate body functions (BP, blood clotting, immune response)
high ___ and low ___ is associated with increased risk of ___
LDL; HDL; CVD
what are some lipid transporters?
lipoprotein
chylomicron
VLDL
LDL
HDL
cholesterol is the major dietary sterol and the building block of what 3 things?
hormones, bile, vitamin D
___ is made in the liver, stored in the ___ and gets released into the ___ to ___ lipids.
bile; gallbaldder; SI; emulsify