Definitions
Zygote
A diploid cell that results from the union of two gametes
A cell is leaving the M phase. What 2 possible phases of the cell cycle can the cell enter next?
G0 - Cell may never replicate again depending on how many cells the body needs
G1 - Cell may start to grow to replicate again
Describe budding
The formation of a new organism as an outgrowth of an existing organism
Parent cell bulges and expands outward
Copy of the genome moves from the original cell
A new cell with a complete genome and cytoplasmic components develops as the plasma membrane inches off
If a cell does not correct a mistake in the checkpoint of the cell cycle, what process occurs?
Apoptosis
Do plant cells allow for constricting and pinching in cytokinesis?
No. Vesicles from the Golgi containing building blocks for plasma membrane line up in equator and release their contents forming a cell plate that eventually becomes a cell wall
Apoptosis
The death of a cell that occurs as a normal, controlled event in an organism
If a contractile ring is formed, what kind of cell is dividing?
Animal cell
Which cell in gametogenesis has the least material: sperm, egg, or a polar body?
Polar body
What process allows for genetic variation to occur in Meiosis I Prophase I?
Crossing over
What is the end result of Meiosis II? How many cells do I have,are they haploid or diploid, and are they identical or not?
4 haploid cells that are not identical
Chromosome
An organized package of DNA that is formed during cell division
Describe the stages in Interphase
G1, G0, S, G2
Name the phases of mitosis
Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
Be able to identify what they look like from pictures
If a haploid cell has 15 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will its diploid cell have?
30
Are sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes split in Anaphase in mitosis?
sister chromatids
Gamete
A mature haploid cell used in sexual reproduction
If a diploid cell has 36 chromosomes, what will its haploid cell in chromosomes?
18
If two identically formed cells are the final result, what processes could have occurred?
Budding, Binary fission, Mitosis
Are sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes split in Meiosis I?
Homologous chromosomes
In oogenesis, how many viable cells are made?
1 ovum or egg cell. The 3 polar bodies are decomposed and recycled
Cytokinesis
A division of the cytoplasm, which results in two cells where there was only one before
Microtubules begin to line up chromosomes along imaginary line called equator is an action in what phase of mitosis?
Metaphase
Are sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes split in Meiosis II?
sister chromatids
Will AI ever be able to reproduce?
No because it will always need human programming
What contains the enzyme for tunneling into an egg and the protein to bind to the egg on a sperm cell?
Acrosomal cap