O
What does O stand for?
Origin
What does P stand for?
Purpose
What does V stand for?
Values
What does L stand for?
Limitations
What is a primary source
Any source created during the time period being studied/a first hand account
There are two main reasons why a source is created/its purpose. What are they?
To persuade or inform
Name one common value
Primary source
Credible Author
Bias
Name two common limitations
Bias or emotions – only shows one side of a story.
Unreliable author or origin – the creator may not be trustworthy.
Time of creation – written too soon or too late to have all facts.
Propaganda – made to influence or manipulate.
Missing evidence – lacks proof or factual support.
Is this a primary or secondary source?
Napoleon Bonaparte April 22, 1796 (to the army.)
Soldiers! In fifteen days you have won six victories, captured twenty-one flags, fifty-five guns, several fortresses, conquered the richest part of Piedmont; you have made 15,000 prisoners; you have killed or wounded nearly 10,000 men.
Who is the target audience of this source:
Napoleon Bonaparte April 22, 1796 (to the army.)
Soldiers! In fifteen days you have won six victories, captured twenty-one flags, fifty-five guns, several fortresses, conquered the richest part of Piedmont; you have made 15,000 prisoners; you have killed or wounded nearly 10,000 men.
Identify one value of this source:
Napoleon Bonaparte April 22, 1796 (to the army.)
Soldiers! In fifteen days you have won six victories, captured twenty-one flags, fifty-five guns, several fortresses, conquered the richest part of Piedmont; you have made 15,000 prisoners; you have killed or wounded nearly 10,000 men.
Primary source/bias/important leader in history
Identify two limitations of this source:
Marie Antoinette‘s 14-year-old daughter later described the incident:
“We were obliged to stay there and listen to all the insults that these wretches said to us as they passed. A half-clothed woman dared to come to the table
- Bias
- Unreliable author (daughter of Queen)
- missing evidence
Who is the author of this source?
The Reign of Terror began on September 5, 1793 with a declaration by Robespierre that Terror would be "the order of the day." It ended on July 27, 1794 when Robespierre was removed from power and executed.
World History Encyclopedia. (2021). Reign of Terror. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/Reign_of_Terror/
World History Encyclopedia
Is the purpose of this speech from Napoleon to inform or persuade?
There are more battles before you, more cities to capture, more rivers to cross. You all burn to carry forward the glory of the French people; to dictate a glorious peace; and to be able, when you return to your villages, to exclaim with pride: "I belonged to the conquering army of Italy!"
persuade
What is one value of this source:
This event was very important because it marked the end of the French monarchy. After this, the French people abolished the monarchy and created the First French Republic.
World History Encyclopedia.
Credible author/detailed content
Identify two limitations of this source:
This event was very important because it marked the end of the French monarchy. After this, the French people abolished the monarchy and created the First French Republic.
World History Encyclopedia.
- no date
- missing evidence
Identify the origin (should have 3 things)
On June 21st 1791 Louis XVI and his family escaped the Tuileries and attempted to flee Paris. The king left behind this note, explaining his actions: People of France, and especially you Parisians… be wary of the suggestions and lies of your false friends. Come back to your king; he will always be your father, your best friend.
Author: Louis XVI
Date: June 21st 1791
Type: Letter
What is the purpose of this source? (Should be three things)
On June 21st 1791 Louis XVI and his family escaped the Tuileries and attempted to flee Paris. The king left behind this note, explaining his actions: People of France, and especially you Parisians… be wary of the suggestions and lies of your false friends. Come back to your king; he will always be your father, your best friend.
To persuade the people of France to accept the King and want him to rule them again.
Identify two values in the source
In late July 1789 the conservative newspaper L’Ami du Roi (‘Friend of the King’) reported on how bread shortages precipitated the unrest of July 14th:
There was frequent bloodshed; food was snatched from the hand as people came to blows; workshops were deserted; workmen and craftsmen wasted their time in quarreling
Bias
Primary source
Identify three limitations with this source:
Population records increases in France
France ended 2018 with a population of 67,290,471 people, which represents an increasea of 264,247 people compared to 2017.
France ranks No. 21 among196 countries which published this information in countryeconomy.com.
- unknown/Unreliable author
- old date
- no supporting evidence