Chapter 1
Health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries and may best be addressed by cooperative actions.
What is global health?
Illness is considered this while death is considered that
What are morbidity and mortality
The temporary or long-term reduction in a person’s capacity to function
What is disability?
An aspect or personal behavior or lifestyle, an environmental exposure, or an inborn or inherited characteristic that, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with health-related conditions:
What is a risk factor?
intervening before health effects occur, Screening to identify diseases in the earliest stages, before the onset of signs and symptoms and providing treatment, as appropriate, to prevent any diagnosed conditions from worsening, and managing disease postdiagnosis to slow or stop disease progression
What are primary, secondary and tertiary prevention?
The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and mental health and efficiency through organized community efforts toward a sanitary environment, control of community infections, education in hygiene, and the development of social machinery to ensure capacity in the community to maintain health.
What is public health?
The number of deaths of persons under the age 1 per 1,000 live births in a given year
What is the infant mortality rate?
Rate at which new cases of a disease occur in a population
What is an incidence rate?
The combination of morbidity, disability, and mortality, usually measured in disability-adjusted life years in global health work
What is the burden of disease?
The number of deaths per 1,000 population in a given year
What is a death rate?
The study of patterns and causes of disease in specific populations and the application of this information to control health problems.
What is epidemiology?
The number of years a newborn baby could expect to live if current mortality trends were to continue for the rest of the newborn’s life
What is life expectancy at birth?
The range of personal, social, economic and environmental factors that determine the health status of individuals or populations.
What are the determinants of health?
A composite measure of premature deaths and losses due to disabilities in a population
What is a DALY?
The actions and means adopted by a society to organize itself in the promotion and protection of its population
What is governance?
The health of human civilization and the state of the natural systems on which it depends
What is planetary health?
The temporary or long-term reduction in a person’s capacity to function
What is disability?
A system by which the government of a country records vital events, including births, deaths, and the causes of death
What is vital registration?
A composite health indicator that measures the equivalent number of years in full health that newborn can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality
What is the HALE?
The shift from high fertility and high mortality to low fertility and low mortality
What is the demographic transition?
A universal call to action set by the United Nations to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure peace and prosperity for all people.
What are the sustainable development goals?
The probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age 5, expressed as a number per 1,000 live births
What is the under 5 mortality rate?
The proportion of the population that has a condition at a given point in time
What is the point prevelance
A shift in the pattern of disease from largely communicable diseases to noncommunicable diseases
What is the epidemiological transition?
The total fertility rate needed for a population to exactly replenish itself from one generation to the next, without migration
What is replacement fertility?