PsycoSocial Dev
During the first stage of life, infants develop this if caregivers consistently meet their needs.
What is Trust vs. Mistrust?
In this initial stage, infants learn about the world purely through their senses and motor actions.
What is the sensorimotor stage?
At the Preconventional level, a child's morality is self-centered and focuses entirely on avoiding this.
What is punishment?
This developmental trend describes how growth and motor control progress from the head downward toward the feet.
What is the cephalocaudal trend?
He proposed a theory of cognitive development, arguing that children actively construct knowledge through stages like sensorimotor and preoperational.
Who is Jean Piaget?
This adolescent stage focuses on discovering who you are and developing a sense of self.
What is Identity vs. Role Confusion?
A child in the preoperational stage might cry because their sliced sandwich was cut into four pieces instead of two, showing a lack of this logical concept.
What is conservation?
During the Conventional level, individuals make moral decisions based on the desire to gain social approval or maintain this.
What is law and order? (Or: What is social order?)
This developmental trend describes how growth and motor control progress from the center of the body outward toward the extremities.
What is the proximodistal trend?
He created an eight-stage theory of psychosocial development, where individuals face specific conflicts—like Trust vs. Mistrust—from infancy to old age.
Who is Erik Erikson?
Young adults in this stage work to form close, meaningful relationships while avoiding isolation.
What is Intimacy vs. Isolation?
If a toddler thinks the moon is literally following them as they walk down the street, they are demonstrating this Piagetian term for an inability to see things from another's perspective.
What is egocentrism?
This famous hypothetical scenario involving a man stealing a drug to save his dying wife is used to assess an individual's stage of moral reasoning.
What is the Heinz Dilemma?
This is a specific time window during development when an organism is uniquely sensitive to environmental stimuli, and certain physical or behavioral milestones must be achieved.
What is a critical period?
He developed a theory of moral development, using scenarios like the Heinz Dilemma to categorize moral reasoning into three broad levels.
Who is Lawrence Kohlberg?
During middle adulthood, people focus on contributing to society, raising families, and leaving a positive legacy in this stage.
What is Generativity vs. Stagnation?
During the concrete operational stage, children finally master this concept, which is the understanding that objects still exist even when they are hidden from view.
What is object permanence?
Individuals who reach the Postconventional level make moral judgments based on their own self-chosen ethical principles and this broader concept of human rights.
What is the social contract? (Or: What are universal ethical principles?)
These are the automatic, involuntary physical responses that newborns are born with—such as rooting, sucking, and grasping—which help them survive.
What are reflexes?
He revolutionized linguistics and developmental psychology by arguing that humans are born with an innate Language Acquisition Device (LAD).
Who is Noam Chomsky?
In Erikson's final stage, older adults reflect on their lives and either feel satisfaction with their accomplishments or regret over missed opportunities.
What is Integrity vs. Despair?
This final stage of cognitive development is marked by the ability to think abstractly, form hypotheses, and ponder systematic "what if" scenarios.
What is the formal operational stage?
This highest stage of moral development involves following self-chosen ethical principles, even if they conflict with societal laws.
What is the universal ethical principle stage?
This biological process refers to the orderly, genetically programmed sequence of physical growth and development that unfolds naturally over time, relatively independent of experience.
What is maturation?
e proposed a controversial theory of psychosexual development, suggesting that personality is shaped by how children manage pleasure centers across five distinct childhood stages.
Who is Sigmund Freud?