Autism Spectrum Disorder
Which of the following is an example of an evidence-based intervention for individuals with ASD?
A. Facilitated communication
B. Nutritional supplements
C. Functional Communication Training (FCT)
D. Floor time
C — Functional Communication Training (FCT)
A learner completes a task, and the BT immediately gives them access to a preferred video game. The learner begins completing the task more often. What is this an example of?
A. Negative reinforcement
B. Positive reinforcement
C. Positive punishment
D. Negative punishment
B — Positive reinforcement
Positive reinforcement increases behavior by adding a stimulus after the behavior.
Which of the following is an example of teaching a motor skill?
A. Identifying emotions in a peer
B. Practicing cutting with scissors
C. Sorting objects by color
D. Following a visual schedule
B — Practicing cutting with scissors
A learner earns a token each time they complete a specified task. After earning five tokens, they can exchange them for a preferred activity. What intervention is being used?
A. Noncontingent reinforcement
B. Token economy
C. Response cost
D. DRO
B — Token economy
A learner engages in 6 instances of hand-raising during a 30-minute session. Which measurement dimension describes the number of behaviors per unit of time?
A. Duration
B. Percentage
C. Rate
D. Latency
C — Rate
A client has difficulty engaging in back-and-forth conversations and sharing emotions with others. Which area of social communication does this most directly relate to?
A. Restricted interests
B. Social-emotional reciprocity
C. Sensory reactivity
D. Insistence on sameness
B — Social-emotional reciprocity
A learner asks to leave a difficult activity, and the BT removes the activity. The learner begins requesting breaks more frequently. What is this an example of?
A. Positive reinforcement
B. Negative reinforcement
C. Negative punishment
D. Extinction
B — Negative reinforcement
Negative reinforcement increases behavior by removing an aversive or undesired stimulus following the behavior.
Which is an appropriate way to teach adaptive and safety skills?
A. Only practice the skill in a structured therapy room
B. Avoid practicing safety skills until they occur naturally
C. Use natural routines, role-play, visual supports, and practice across settings
D. Complete the task for the learner to prevent errors
C. Use natural routines, role-play, visual supports, and practice across settings
A BT gives several easy instructions that the learner usually follows before presenting a more difficult instruction. The learner is then more likely to comply with the difficult instruction. What strategy is this?
A. Behavioral momentum (high-p request sequence)
B. Extinction burst
C. Time-out from reinforcement
D. Satiation
A — Behavioral momentum (high-p request sequence)
A BT records whether a learner engages in a behavior at any point during each 10-second interval. Which time-sampling procedure is being used?
A. Whole-interval recording
B. Partial-interval recording
C. Momentary time sampling
D. Event recording
B — Partial-interval recording
Which of the following is an example of a deficit in nonverbal communicative behaviors?
A. Difficulty tolerating changes in routine
B. Repetitive motor movements
C. Difficulty interpreting facial expressions and gestures
D. Strong interest in a particular topic
C — Difficulty interpreting facial expressions and gestures
Which statement correctly describes the difference between a reinforcer and a punisher?
A. A reinforcer always feels good, while a punisher always feels bad.
B. A reinforcer increases future behavior, while a punisher decreases future behavior.
C. A reinforcer is always added, while a punisher is always removed.
D. A reinforcer is used only with children, while a punisher is used with adults.
B — A reinforcer increases future behavior, while a punisher decreases future behavior.
A BT wants to teach a learner social skills. Which activity would best target social interaction and turn-taking?
A. Completing a worksheet independently
B. Playing a structured board game with another person
C. Sorting objects by size
D. Practicing handwriting
B — Playing a structured board game with another person
A learner engages in problem behavior to escape a difficult task. The BT teaches the learner to appropriately request a break, and the appropriate request produces the same break that the problem behavior previously produced. What is the appropriate break request?
A. A punisher
B. A replacement behavior
C. A discriminative stimulus
D. An extinction burst
B — Replacement behavior
A learner correctly responds to 16 out of 20 teaching trials. What is the learner's percentage of correct responses?
A. 60%
B. 70%
C. 80%
D. 90%
C — 80%
16 ÷ 20 × 100 = 80%
A learner behaves differently with a teacher than with a close friend and has difficulty adjusting their behavior based on the relationship. Which area does this most closely relate to?
A. Developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships
B. Sensory processing
C. Stereotyped speech
D. Treatment intensity
A — Developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships
A learner receives crackers after completing a task. After several trials, the learner works harder when crackers are available. What type of reinforcer are the crackers?
A. Conditioned reinforcer
B. Unconditioned reinforcer
C. Punisher
D. Discriminative stimulus
B — Unconditioned reinforcer
Food is a biologically/naturally reinforcing stimulus and does not require a learning history to be reinforcing.
A learner needs help with planning, transitioning between activities, and completing multi-step tasks. Which skill area should the BT focus on?
A. Academic skills
B. Motor skills
C. Executive function skills
D. Social skills
C — Executive function skills
A learner's problem behavior previously resulted in getting access to a preferred toy. The team implements an intervention in which the problem behavior no longer produces access to the toy. Which procedure is being described?
A. Attention extinction
B. Escape extinction
C. Tangible extinction
D. Noncontingent reinforcement
C — Tangible extinction
A BT collects information about what happened before a behavior, the behavior itself, and what happened immediately afterward. What type of data collection is this?
A. Rate data
B. Scatterplot data
C. ABC data
D. IOA
C — ABC data
A learner repeatedly lines up objects and frequently repeats phrases they have heard. Which area of ASD characteristics do these behaviors most closely represent?
A. Social-emotional reciprocity
B. Stereotyped or repetitive movements, object use, or speech
C. Nonverbal communication deficits
D. Relationship development
B — Stereotyped or repetitive movements, object use, or speech
A learner's favorite tablet is unavailable for several hours. When the tablet becomes available again, the learner is highly motivated to work for access to it. Which concept best describes this situation?
A. Satiation
B. Habituation
C. Deprivation
D. Extinction
C — Deprivation
Deprivation involves withholding access to a stimulus or reinforcer, which can increase its value and motivation to obtain it.
A learner has difficulty understanding a task when given only verbal instructions. The BT provides a picture-based checklist showing each step of the task. What concept is being used?
A. Curriculum modification
B. Visual supports
C. Motor skill training
D. Social skills training
B — Visual supports
A learner's problem behavior decreases after extinction is implemented, but several days later the behavior suddenly occurs again even though it had not been occurring. What is this called?
A. Satiation
B. Extinction burst
C. Spontaneous recovery
D. Deprivation
C — Spontaneous recovery
Two independent BTs observe the same behavior at the same time and record their measurements. Their data are then compared to determine how closely they agree. What is this called?
A. Skill acquisition data
B. Interobserver agreement (IOA)
C. Duration recording
D. Time sampling
: B — Interobserver agreement (IOA)