Graphs and Measurement
Fundamentals
Behavior Terminology
Treatment Design
Scenario/Ethics
100
David is a client at your clinic who has both Naturalistic Environment teaching time and Discrete Trial Teaching time at the table. During DTT, David’s schedule of reinforcement involves delivering praise after every 5 tasks completed, then after 10, then after 2, then after 13, etc. The average # of items per reinforcer is 7, so the schedule of praise is a: a. FR 7. b. VR 13. c. DRI 7. d. VR 7.
d. VR 7.
100
You design a study to examine the effects of different FR schedules on task completion for children with autism. This is an example of: a. Experimental analysis of behavior. b. Applied behavior analysis. c. Behaviorism. d. Developmental psychology.
B Applied behavior analysis.
100
What does it mean if two behaviors are “functionally equivalent” to each other? a. Both behaviors look the same. b. Both behaviors produce the same consequence. c. Both behaviors are socially significant. d. Both behaviors require the same amount of response effort.
B Both behaviors produce the same consequence
100
You have found a promising treatment for rumination in profoundly disabled individuals. Your mentor raises the question of whether the treatment will also work for moderately disabled people. To answer this important question, you must perform what kinds of activities? a. Direct replication b. Systematic replication c. Withdrawal designs d. Multiple baselines across populations
B Systematic replication
100
BCBA Audrey is conducting some IRB approved research on 3 of her clients. She decides to give them pseudonyms and no one but her has any knowledge of who the real participants are. The file with the client’s real names and pseudonyms are kept in a locked filing cabinet that no one but Audrey has access to. Audrey is making she adheres to which code item? a. 6.08 Appropriate Credit. b. 6.07 Conflict of Interest in Research and Publication. c. 6.05 Confidentiality in Research. d. 6.09 Informed Consent in Research.
C 6.05 Confidentiality in Research.
200
This type of graph is also known as a histogram and is useful in summarizing behavioral data allowing for a quick comparison of performance across participants and/or conditions.A. Line graph B. Scatterplot C. Cumulative record D. Bar graph
D. Bar graph
200
We often hear criticisms in the field of ABA about the term “self-control” and how it is a misnomer. This is due to the fact that the behavior is controlled by a. The person’s choices. b. The choices of the people around you. c. The environment. d. The person’s free will.
C The environment.
200
Becky tipped over a table and her teacher scolded her with ""Don't do that!"" As a result, tipping over tables decreased. The scolding is a: a. Positive punisher. b. Negative punisher. c. Positive reinforcer. d. Establishing operation.
A Positive punisher.
200
You notice that your client, Isaiah’s activity level dramatically increases 20 seconds after consuming a Coke, and you want to study this phenomenon. First, you operationally define ""activity level"" and measure it by recording the number of minutes spent out of his seat. Next, you obtain some regular Coke and some Caffeine-free Coke that tastes about the same. You provide regular Coke for 2 weeks, caffeine-free for the next 2 weeks, and regular Coke for the final 2 weeks of the study.
The independent variable is the: a. The activity level. b. Caffeine amount. c. The number of minutes spent out of seat. d. Caffeine-free Coke
B Caffeine amount
200
You are teaching your client Karim to clean his bedroom in order to prepare him for working on a cleaning crew. Which of the following procedures would not promote the generalization of Karim’s bedroom cleaning skills to real-life cleaning jobs? a. Make Karim’s bedroom as much like a real cleaning situation as possible. b. Transition the reinforcement schedule for Karim’s cleaning from an FR1 to a gradually more variable, delayed reinforcement. c. Teach Karim to use a checklist, which could be used on the cleaning crew. d. Teach Karim in a “mock” cleaning environment, and then gradually change the environment to be more natural.
D Teach Karim in a “mock” cleaning environment, and then gradually change the environment to be more natural.
300
What is being represented by the break on the horizontal axis? a. The number of days is compressed. b. There is a break in the sequence of days. c. There is a break in the rates for those days. d. Staff forgot to collect data for that day.
b. There is a break in the sequence of days.
300
DAILY DOUBLE
What are the 7 dimensions of ABA?
G.E.T. A. C.A.B.
Generality, Effective, Technological, Applied, Conceptually Systematic, Analytic, Behavioral
300
Motivating operations and discriminative stimuli: A. Have similar evocative effects on behavior B. Are considered synonymous C. Occur after the behavior of interest D. All of these
A Have similar evocative effects on behavior
300
You notice that your client, Isaiah’s activity level dramatically increases 20 seconds after consuming a Coke, and you want to study this phenomenon. First, you operationally define ""activity level"" and measure it by recording the number of minutes spent out of his seat. Next, you obtain some regular Coke and some Caffeine-free Coke that tastes about the same. You provide regular Coke for 2 weeks, caffeine-free for the next 2 weeks, and regular Coke for the final 2 weeks of the study. The dependent variable is the: a. The activity level. b. Caffeine. c. The number of minutes spent out of seat. d. Caffeine-free Coke.
C The number of minutes spent out of seat.
300
Steven is a BCBA who works with clients who live in a group home. He also works with clients in the sheltered workshop they attend during the day. Steven takes data on vocational skills as well as any inappropriate behaviors occurring in the work setting. He is responsible for the behavioral component of the annual Habilitation Plan, and he updates annual assessments. Steven does not have an office in his home so, he has been given some file drawers in the special education teacher's classroom at the sheltered workshop. He keeps all of his assessment results and raw data there. The teacher locks her classroom door when she leaves for the day so that the file drawers are safe. Does Steven's system of keeping records meet ethical guidelines? A. Yes, confidentiality is protected because the teacher locks the door B. Yes, but only if Steven has the only key to the file drawers C. No, files may only be kept in the BCBAs office D. No, Steven should keep his files at home
B Yes, but only if Steven has the only key to the file drawers
400
You have been interested in the total number of sight words accurately read since your data collection began last week. Which graphing convention allows you to most efficiently answer your inquiry? A. Line graph B. Scatterplot C. Cumulative record D. Bar graph
C. Cumulative record
400
Which of the following is not a factor that influences the effectiveness of punishment? A Immediacy B. Intensity C. Variation D. Schedule
C Variation
400
Behavior that exposes an individual to new contingencies, reinforcers, and stimulus controls is called: A Pivotal behavior B. Access behavior C. Behavior cusp D. Contingent behavior
C Behavior cusp
400
You have conducted a withdrawal design in which a treatment for hand biting and hair pulling was the independent variable. What kind of problem might create an interpretational problem in this kind of design? a. A failure of the behavior to return to baseline levels b. Problems in interobserver agreement c. Response generalization d. Stimulus generalization
A failure of the behavior to return to baseline levels
400
Several years ago, some research was conducted on teaching safety skills to elementary school children. In this research, the children were taught to cross the street safely after school. As one can imagine, during the baseline phase in a study like this, observers might be watching children who crossed the street without looking both ways or who engaged in other unsafe behaviors. Which ethical guideline is applicable here: A. If behavior analysts learn of misuse or misrepresentation of their individual work products, they take reasonable and feasible steps to correct or minimize the misuse or misrepresentation B. The behavior analyst reviews and appraises the restrictiveness of alternative interventions and always recommends the least restrictive procedures likely to be effective in dealing with a behavior problem. C. Behavior analysts are responsible for the ethical conduct of research conducted by them or others under their supervision. D. None of the above
C Behavior analysts are responsible for the ethical conduct of research conducted by them or others under their supervision.
500
The _______ of each data path on a cumulative record represents the different rates of acquisition.A. Position B. Slope C. Scatter D. Slant
B. Slope
500
This philosophical assumption of science describes a behavior analyst’s commitment to database decision-making is? B Parsimony C. Determinism D Analytic
A Empiricism
500
Functional communication training: A. Develops alternative behaviors that are sensitive to abolishing operations B. Develops alternative behaviors that create changes in motivating operations C. Develops alternative behaviors that are sensitive to establishing operations D. Develops alternative behaviors that produce punishing effects
C. Develops alternative behaviors that are sensitive to establishing operations
500
You have conducted a multiple baseline design in which a treatment for hand biting and hair pulling was the independent variable, and the treatment was presented sequentially across different behaviors. What kind of problem might create an interpretational problem in this kind of design? a. A failure of the behavior to return to baseline levels b. Problems in interobserver agreement c. Response generalization d. Stimulus generalization
C Response generalization
500
Sean was responsible for designing an intervention for a fifth grade student who engaged in severe problem behavior consisting of throwing chairs at the teacher when an assignment was given. Sean decided to utilize a contingent physical restraint every time the child threw a chair. Sean is violating the ethical consideration of: A Right to safe and humane treatment B. Least restrictive alternative C. Right to effective treatment D. Sean is not violating any ethical consideratoin
B Least restrictive alternative