Glycolysis
What is the oxidizing agent of glycolysis?
NAD+
How many steps of gluconeogenesis are there?
11 steps
NADH and FADH2 promises how much ATP?
2.5 and 1.5 ATPs.
The ultimate electron acceptor is
Oxygen
Suppose your body is trying to break down a fatty acid that is 12 carbons long. How many rounds of beta oxidation are possible?
5 rounds
What are the three fates of pyruvate?
1. CO2
2. Lactate Fermentation
3. Ethanol Fermentation
Step 2 of gluconeogenesis calls for Oxaloacetate and GTP to convert into Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) using what enzyme?
PEP carboxykinase
We get ___ NADHs, ___ FAHD2, and __ GTP in one round of TCA cycle, including pyruvate dehydrogenase.
4 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 GTP
Matrix to intermembrane space
Suppose your body is trying to break down a fatty acid that is 12 carbons long. Is an initial investment of energy required?
Yes
We would only make a total of 2 ATP in Glycolysis (zero net gain)
What are the 4 enzymes that are different in gluconeogenesis compared to glycolysis?
Pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphatase
We get more energy from glucose than amino acids because ______.
Glucose yields two pyruvates that can each go through the Krebs Cycle (x2) while amino acids can go through one or a partial cycle.
Why do we get more energy out of NADH than FADH2?
Flauvin-mononucleotide takes BOTH electrons and PROTONS from NADH.
Suppose your body is trying to break down a fatty acid that is 12 carbons long. How many of the following are produced:
1. Acetyl-CoA's
2. NADH's
3. FADH2's
1. 6
2. 5
3. 5
How is phosphofructokinase regulated?
Activated by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and inhibited by high levels of ATP
The Cori Cycle tells you that glycolysis and gluconeogenesis can happen at the same time but in _________ _________.
Different Locations
The 4 enzymes in TCA cycle that are control points are:
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, Citrate synthase, Isocitrate dehydrogenase, and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
How is ATP generated during oxidative phosphorylation?
Protons want to go back to the matrix to establish equilibrium; however, the membrane (due to the pH gradient) prevents protons from crossing. Protons must move through ATP synthase and do "work" to cross the membrane to get back to the matrix, generating ATP.
Suppose your body is trying to break down a acyl-CoA that is 19 carbons long. How many acetyl-CoA are produced
8