BCH 325 Exam 1 Review 1

What even is biochemistry?

100

This scientific discipline seeks to understand life at the molecular level

Biochemistry

200

This is the smallest unit of life that can live independently

Cell

300

These are the most abundant elements in biological systems (6)

C, H, O, N, P, S

400

This term describes the series of chemical reactions in a cell that builds up or breaks down substances.

Metabolism

500

Life was through to have originated in this type of aquatic environment

Deep sea (black smokers)

Biomolecules

100

This type of biomolecule is the body's main source of quick energy.

Carbohydrates

200

Amino acids are the monomers of this biopolymer.

Proteins

300

Nucleotides are comprised of these 3 components

Nitrogenous base, phosphate group(s), carbohydrate (ribose or deoxyribose)

400

These biomolecules are the main component of cell membranes but do not form polymers.

Lipids

500

Peptide bonds form between these two groups of amino acids

alpha-carboxyl group of one AA and alpha-amino group of another

✨water✨

100

This is a substance that produces H+ ions in water.

Acid

200

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates the pH of a solution to the ratio of base/acid in solution and this constant.

pKa (acid dissociation constant)

300

When a nonpolar substance is dropped into water, it clumps together as a result of this effect.

Hydrophobic effect

400

To convert molarity to millimolarity, one must multiply the mols by this factor

1000

500

A solution has a pH of 2. If the solution is diluted by a factor of 100, this is its new pH.

4

Nucleic Acid Structure

100

What are the two types of nucleic acids found in cells?

DNA and RNA

200

DNA bases always form these two pairs.

A-T ; G-C

300

This type of nitrogenous base has a six-membered pyrimidine ring fused to a five-membered imidazole ring 

Purine

400

A DNA molecule containing 30% adenine is this percentage of the molecule is guanine.

20%

500

This type of interaction is the primary force holding together DNA strands

Stacking interactions

Nucleic Acid Function

100

This is the primary function of DNA in a cell.

Storing genetic information/coding mechanism

200

In this process, DNA strands detach from each other and unravel.

Denaturation

300

This type of change in DNA may change the structure of the protein for which it codes.

Mutation

400

DNA and RNA are always read in this direction.

5' - 3'

500

This is the theory stating that genetic information flows in one direction: from DNA to RNA, and then to proteins

Central Dogma