Mood and Anxiety Disorder
Name the primary brain region implicated in the pathophysiology of fear and hypervigilance in anxiety disorders.
What is the amygdala?
Chronic use of this atypical antipsychotic is associated with hyperprolactinemia, leading to galactorrhea, amenorrhea, infertility, and an increased risk of osteoporosis.
What is Risperdal
Damage to this brain region can result in personality changes, impulsivity, and poor judgment.
What is the prefrontal cortex?
This neurotransmitter's release in the brain's reward pathway is stimulated by most addictive substances, leading to reinforcement of drug-seeking behavior.
In Asian cultures, this culturally bound syndrome involves fear that genitalia are retracting into the body and will lead to death.
What is Koro?
This irreversible enzyme inhibition caused by monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) can lead to hypertensive crisis when combined with tyramine-containing foods or certain medications like pseudoephedrine.
What is inhibition of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A)?
This rare but potentially fatal complication of clozapine therapy can present with flu-like symptoms, fever, and neutropenia, requiring immediate discontinuation of the medication.
What is agranulocytosis?
This neurodegenerative disease features behavioral disinhibition, apathy, and language impairment in its early stages.
What is frontotemporal dementia?
This medication for alcohol use disorder inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase.
What is disulfiram?
Who is considered the "father" of psychoanalysis?
Who is Sigmund Freud?
This antidepressant requires monitoring for QTc prolongation and is contraindicated in patients with congenital long QT syndrome.
What is citalopram?
This antipsychotic is associated with a dose-dependent risk of QTc prolongation and requires regular ECG monitoring, especially at higher doses.
What is ziprasidone?
DBS for refractory depression involves implanting electrodes to stimulate which specific white matter tract, which connects the subgenual cingulate cortex to other mood-regulating brain regions.
What is the anterior limb of the internal capsule or subcallosal cingulate gyrus (Brodmann area 25)?
This GABA-B agonist is FDA-approved for cannabis use disorder but requires monitoring for seizures during withdrawal.
What is gabapentin?
What type of therapy explores unconscious processes and how past experiences influence current behavior.
What is psychodynamic therapy?
This FDA-approved medication for social anxiety disorder works by modulating serotonin and norepinephrine but can cause dose-dependent increases in blood pressure.
What is venlafaxine (extended release)
This FDA-approved long-acting injectable reduces relapse risk by ensuring adherence but requires CYP2D6 testing.
What is aripiprazole lauroxil (Aristada)?
A 22-year-old woman presents with acute-onset psychosis, orofacial dyskinesias, and autonomic instability. CSF analysis shows lymphocytic pleocytosis, and MRI reveals an ovarian teratoma. What is the diagnosis?
What is anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis?
A patient with opioid use disorder develops QTc prolongation, which medications for Opioid Use Disorder likely caused this side effect?
What is Methadone?
Which psychotherapy model emphasizes the role of early attachment relationships in shaping adult behavior?
Attachment theory.
This anticonvulsant mood stabilizer can cause a life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction characterized by fever, rash, and multiorgan involvement, particularly in patients with HLA-B*1502.
What is carbamazepine (Stevens-Johnson syndrome or DRESS)?
What antipsychotic ranked highest for triglyceride elevation in the 2020 Lancet network meta-analysis.
What is clozapine?
ECT for severe depression has been shown to increase _____ levels and synaptic plasticity, contributing to its therapeutic effects.
What is brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
This specific subtype of opioid receptor, when activated by the endogenous peptide dynorphin, produces dysphoric effects opposite to those of mu-opioid receptor activation and has become a target for novel addiction pharmacotherapies.
What is the kappa opioid receptor or KOR?
What is the cultural syndrome common in Latin American populations that includes symptoms of anxiety, somatic complaints, and feelings of heat rising in the body?
What is Ataque de nervios?