ABA Principles
The meaning of the team "positive" in ABA.
What is the addition of a stimulus / event / something?
The name of the antecedent strategy that involves offering different possibilities to a student (e.g., "Do you want to work on the floor or at the table?" / "Do you want to work with your teacher or can I help you?")
What is choice?
Differential reinforcement involves 1) implementing reinforcement for replacement behaviors and 2) ______ for problem behaviors.
What is extinction?
The name of the "My Way" step demonstrated in this scenario: A teacher approaches and says, "It's time to work, Johnny!", Johnny responds, "My way", and the teacher allows Johnny to continue playing without working.
What is Simple FCT?
The full name of HRE.
What is happy, relaxed, and engaged?
The name of a generalized conditioned reinforcer that tends to be handed out in the form of small trinkets, stickers, or points, which are then traded for more powerful, backup reinforcers once enough have been earned.
What is a token?
When targeting escape-maintained behavior, the strategy often used that involves scaffolding or chunking tasks into easier or smaller bits, then gradually building the student's tolerance up.
What is demand fading?
Teaching someone to appropriately ask for their wants and needs rather than engaging in problem behavior is an example of this differential reinforcement protocol.
What is differential reinforcement of communication / functional communication training?
The name of the My Way target when a student is told "no" and says something like, "Okay, no problem" without engaging in problem behaviors.
What is the Tolerance Response?
The ABA term of the initial observation phase when we are just observing behavior, not intervening on it.
What is baseline?
The behavioral consequence (positive/negative reinforcement/punishment/extinction) occurring in this example: Davaunte was upset that the iPad was not working; therefore, he threw the iPad down on the floor. Because of this, his parents had him complete extra chores that evening. Davaunte did not throw the iPad again afterwards.
What is positive punishment?
A description of how noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) could be implemented with a child who has a history of tantrums at the store to get popcorn.
What procedure involves providing a child with popcorn for free first thing as soon as they arrive at the store?
Differential reinforcement of ____ behavior is the only one that involves breaking the session down into small intervals and reinforcing if the problem behavior does not occur at all.
What is other?
In the My Way protocol, a description of why it's important to implement the Complex FCT rather than solely implementing the Simple FCT with students.
What is the My Way protocol step that teaches more developmentally appropriate communication OR increases the odds that others will reinforce the behavior due to being more socially acceptable?
When gathering ABC data, a better version of stating "The student was very tired."
What is "The student was yawning / laying down / resting on the table with eyes closed / stating, I'm tired", etc.?
When withholding reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior, the name of the principle describing three effects on behavior including 1) novel responding, 2) emotional / aggressive responding, and 3) and increase in the response.
What is an extinction burst?
The name of the antecedent strategy that involves presenting 3 high-probability demands first (easier tasks) before presenting 1 low-probability demand (the target, more difficult task).
What is behavioral momentum?
Differential reinforcement of ____ behavior involves reinforcing a behavior that is physically impossible to do at the same time as the problem behavior (e.g., you can't stay seated and elope at the same time).
What is incompatible?
A description of at least one drawback of implementing the My Way protocol in a school setting.
What are 1) the initial steps involve no work completion which many schools will be unhappy with, 2) the initial steps may require two people to implement it (demand presenter & prompter), 3) the protocol is complex and may require high levels of supervision and fidelity checks, 4) it may not be feasible to implement in certain classrooms, etc.
An example of one soft skill.
What is nodding one's head, leaning forward, smiling, uncrossing legs and arms, orienting towards the speaker, using "do" instead of "do not" statements, etc.?
The full name of "FR" when discussing schedules of reinforcement.
What is fixed ratio?
The name of the antecedent modification strategy being implemented in this scenario: Sid likes to jump, skip, and play games, but hates transitioning to the bathroom. To help, the teacher draws a hopscotch that from her room to the bathroom. Sid finds it more enjoyable to go to the bathroom now that his interests have been incorporated.
What is task modification?
Often thought of as goal setting, this differential reinforcement protocol involves gradually decreasing problem behavior by setting attainable but challenging goal levels for students to meet to earn reinforcement.
What is differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior / DRL?
An example of one feature that is unique to the Hanley Protocol compared to traditional behavior change protocols.
What is 1) previously mastered targets are still actively targeted, 2) explicit reinforcement of the tolerance response, or 3) use of truly random schedules of reinforcement?
An example of a PDA+ you could give to a student.
What is "Wow, you are (specific behavior)! You are (meeting expectation / impact on others / feeling state / character state)!"