Genetic Inheritance
Which of the following is incorrectly paired?
a. character - a heritable feature that varies among individuals.
b. trait - a different form of a gene
c. genotype - the genetic makeup of an organism
d. phenotype - the physical characteristic of an organism.
b. trait - a different form of a gene
What is the role of the promoter region in the regulation of gene expression?
a. Signals the termination of transcription.
b. Recruit RNA polymerase and transcription factors to DNA
c. Allow for alternative splicing and recombination of genetic components
d. Signals the ribosome to initiate translation.
b. Recruit RNA polymerase and transcription factors to DNA
*The promoter region is the site of a gene where RNA polymerase and other transcription factors bind to DNA.
What is the anticodon corresponding to the codon GUA?
a. UAC
b. CAU
c. UTC
d. AUG
b. CAU
*An anticodon is complementary to the codon. It follows the A/U and C/G base pairing rules.
The promoter will be transcribed into RNA.
A. True
B. False
B. False
If the repressor is inactive, would the operon be on or off?
On
In Mendel's Hypothesis, _____ genes are always expressed when present. _____ genes are only expressed when no dominant genes are present.
a. dominant; recessive
b. recessive; dominant
c. dominant; dominant
d. recessive; recessive
a. dominant; recessive
The following DNA strand is used as a template for transcription: 3′ CGTAAGCGGCT 5′
Which of the following RNA strands will be produced?
a. 5′ AGCCGCUUACG 3′
b. 5′ GCAUUCGCCGA 3′
c. 5′ CGUAAGCGGCU 3′
d. 5′ GCATTCGCCGA 3′
b. 5′ GCAUUCGCCGA 3′
A deletion mutation occurs, leaving 11 bases in nucleotide sequence. How many codons can be made?
a. 3
b. 4
c. 6
d. 11
a. 3
What is an operon?
a. A protein that binds to an RNA segment and blocks the attachment of DNA polymerase, halting transcription
b. A reversibly-bound protein that enhances the transcription of a particular segment of RNA
c. A unit of DNA containing a cluster of genes under control of a promoter and a repressor
d. A protein around which DNA is coiled until it is transcribed; also the chief protein component of chromatin
c. A unit of DNA containing a cluster of genes under control of a promoter and a repressor
The trp operon of E. coli is a repressible operon responsible for producing enzymes involved in the synthesis of the amino acid tryptophan. Which of the following statements is true regarding the trp operon?
a. When tryptophan is in short supply, the trp operon is expressed.
b. The trp operon includes an operator that acts as the binding site for RNA polymerase.
c. Tryptophan binds to the operator to promote the binding of RNA polymerase.
d. The operon’s genes are transcribed when tryptophan is bound to the trp repressor.
a. When tryptophan is in short supply, the trp operon is expressed.
Genes that have to do with height & skin color work additively to affect the phenotype. They are an example of...
A. Non-lethal aneuploidy
B. Epistasis
C. Polygenic Inheritance
D. Pleiotropy
C. Polygenic Inheritance
Which of the following is true regarding the process of transcription in eukaryotes?
a. Transcription occurs for individual genes.
b. Transcription uses both strands of DNA to make mRNA.
c. DNA polymerases control transcription.
d. The three stages of transcription are initiation, elimination, and reduction.
a. Transcription occurs for individual genes.
Which of the following is not necessary for the translation process?
A. Release factor
B. Anticodons
C. Amino acids
D. Polyadenylation signal
E. 5' cap
D. Polyadenylation signal
Why is gene expression regulated?
a. To use as much energy as possible & to respond to the environment
b. To conserve energy & to make many proteins all the time
c. To make certain enzymes & to make use of the exergonic process
d. To conserve energy & to respond to the environment
d. To conserve energy & to respond to the environment
Which of the following mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression can produce several different proteins from a single gene?
a. Alternative splicing
b. Regulation of translation
c. Protein degradation
d. Protein phosphorylation
a. Alternative splicing
A scientist crosses a homozygous red flower with a homozygous white flower. All of the resulting offspring are heterozygous with red flowers. Assuming that flower color is controlled by a single gene, which of the following statements is most likely true?
a. The allele for red flowers is dominant to the allele for white flowers.
b. The allele for red flowers is recessive to the allele for white flowers.
c. The allele for red flowers has mutated more times than the allele for white flowers.
d. The allele for red flowers is on a different chromosome than the allele for white flowers.
a. The allele for red flowers is dominant to the allele for white flowers.
Which of the following is incorrectly paired?
a. INITIATION - RNA polymerase binds to the promoter.
b. ELONGATION - RNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to the 3' end of the RNA strand.
c. TERMINATION - RNA polymerase stops transcribing.
d. RNA SPLICING - exons are removed and introns are expressed
d. RNA SPLICING - exons are removed and introns are expressed
Which of the following is not a post-translational modification?
a. proteolysis
b. alternative splicing
c. phosphorylation
d. glycolysation
b. alternative splicing
A liver cell and a skin cell in the same person have the same genetic sequences but perform very different functions. Which of the following best explains how this is possible?
a. Different genes are activated in the liver cell than in the skin cell.
b. Each cell type is controlled by operons and operators.
c. Different mutations occur in each cell type, changing the genetic instructions.
d. Liver cells and skin cells contain different genes.
a. Different genes are activated in the liver cell than in the skin cell.
In camellia flowers, petal color is controlled by codominance. When a red flower is crossed with a white flower, all of the offspring are covered in both red and white petals. A scientist crosses a red flower (RR) with a red-and-white (RW) flower. What are the predicted phenotypes of their offspring?
a. All of the offspring will have red-and-white petals.
b. All of the offspring will have red petals.
c. 75% of the offspring will be red, 25% of the offspring will be white.
d. 50% off the offspring will be red, 50% of the offspring will be red-and-white.
d. 50% off the offspring will be red, 50% of the offspring will be red-and-white.
In pea plants, the allele for smooth pods (S) is dominant over the allele for constricted pods (s). Which of the following pairs of terms are correctly matched?
a. SS - genotype; constricted pod - phenotype
b. Ss - phenotype; smooth pod - genotype
c. ss - genotype; constricted pod - phenotype
d. ss - phenotype; constricted pod - genotype.
c. ss - genotype; constricted pod - phenotype
Which of the following is correct about DNA transcription?
a.The transcript is identical to both the coding and template strand.
b. The transcript is identical/similar to the template strand and complementary to the coding strand.
c. The transcript is identical/similar to the coding strand and complementary to the template strand.
d. None of the above.
c. The transcript is identical/similar to the coding strand and complementary to the template strand.
Sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder caused due to a mutation in the protein Hemoglobin. This occurs because valine is present instead of glutamic acid.
Normal: CCU - GAA- GAA
Mutation: CCU - GUA - GAA
Which mutation has occurred?
a. Silent mutation
b. missense mutation
c. nonsense mutation
d. frameshift mutation
b. missense mutation
If a eukaryotic cell wanted to conserve the most energy, which pathway would it need to shut down after finishing transcription?
A. Translation
B. Protein processing
C. RNA processing
D. Chromatin modification: DNA unpacking
C. RNA processing
What best explains the interaction between tRNA and mRNA during translation?
a. anticodons on the mRNA line up with complementary codons on the tRNA
b. anticodons on the tRNA line up with complementary codons on the mRNA
c. tRNA attach amino acids to the complementary mRNA sequence
d. mRNA attach amino acids to the complementary tRNA sequence
b. anticodons on the tRNA line up with complementary codons on the mRNA