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What is a testable question?
If, then statement/Hypothesis.
Define Independent and Dependent Variables.
Independent is manipulated and dependent is measured.
What is the difference between a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis?
An alternative hypothesis is a normal hypothesis. A null hypothesis is when something is not affected.
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative?
Qualitative is physical characteristics and quantitative is describing numbers.
Whats the difference between Taxis and Kinesis?
Taxis is movement away or towards something and Kinesis is random movement.
Identify the monomer of each of the four biological macromolecules.
Carbohydrates- glucose, Lipids- fatty acids, Proteins- amino acids, and Nucleic Acids- nucleotide.
Explain how a change in the subunits of polymer structure could affect the function of the macromolecule. Give at least two examples
Answers may vary.
Identify the macromolecules within the plasma membrane, and explain the importance of each
Lipids- create the bilayer, Carbs- control the proteins/give energy, Proteins- are the protein channels on the bilayer.
Describe (briefly) the process a cell goes through to build a protein
Answers may vary. Key words: Transcription, Translation, RNA, DNA, mRNA.
List the structure of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and starch
Glucose has six carbons, fructose has five, sucrose is a combination of glucose and fructose, and starch is a multiple glucose.
Describe the basic structure of an Amino Acid.
Key words: NH2, COOH, and CHR.
Describe and give examples of the protein structures.
Primary: No folding of the Golgi- long chain of amino acids
Secondary: Alpha helix coil, long coil of amino acids. Beta Pleated sheet,
Tertiary- 3D enzyme, globular protein
Compare and Contrast competitive inhibitors with non competitive inhibitors.
Competitive binds to the active site and prevents the substrate to bind to the enzyme. Non competitive binds to the allosteric site and distorts the active site.
Define allosteric regulation.
bonding of a substrate and an inhibitor with an enzyme at a different site other than the active site.
Compare and contrast Cofactors and Coenzymes
Cofactors and Coenzymes bond with an enzyme and help it function together. Cofactors are nonorganic while coenzymes are organic.
Describe the Fluid Mosaic Model of Cell membranes
It describes the cell membrane as a tapestry of several types of molecules that are constantly moving.
Describe Isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic movements.
Isotonic: Water is balanced in the solution and the cell.
Hypertonic: Water moved out of the cell to the solution.
Hypotonic: Water moved into the cell.
Describe the importance of an aquaporin.
Special type of transport protein that allows rapid diffusion of water in and out of certain cells.
Compare Integral Proteins with Peripheral Proteins
Integral proteins are the protein channels in the bilayer and the peripheral proteins are the proteins that are on the inner part of the bilayer and the outer part of the bilayer.
Explain how the structure of a molecule affects its ability to pass through the plasma membrane (give at least two examples in your explanation).
The ability to pass through the membrane depends on its selective permeability. It blocks polar molecules. It blocks things with a full charge.
Identify how carbon dioxide, glucose, hydrogen ions, oxygen, and water are moved across membranes.
Carbon Dioxide- diffusion
Glucose- active transport
Hydrogen Ions- facilitated diffusion?
Oxygen- diffusion
Water- Osmosis
Calculate solute potential of 0.1M NaCl solution at 25ºC.
Y=-4.95 bars.
Describe and give examples of the following types of proteins: Transport Proteins, Enzymes, Receptors, Defensive Proteins, Structural Proteins, Hormonal Proteins, Storage Proteins, Motor Proteins.
Answers May Vary.
Identify the importance of the Pill Bug lab.
Animal Behavior- Taxis and Kinesis and Innate Behaviors.
Identify the importance of the Enzyme Lab.
Show denaturation of enzymes and enzyme activity.