Cell Structures
What are the three parts of the cell theory?
All living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
What is ecology?
The study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
Where is DNA found in a eukaryotic cell?
In the nucleus.
claim?
Cells divide to grow and repair tissues in the body.
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotic cells do.
How is osmosis different from diffusion?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
What is biodiversity?
The variety of life in an area.
What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?
Chromatin is uncoiled DNA; chromosomes are coiled, organized structures of DNA during cell division.
Evidence?
During mitosis, a cell’s nucleus divides to create two identical nuclei. This ensures that each new cell has the same genetic material. For example, when you get a cut, your skin cells divide to make new cells to heal the wound.
What is the function of the mitochondria?
It produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
What is homeostasis?
The process of maintaining a stable internal environment.
Name the four types of symbiotic relationships and give one example.
Mutualism (bee and flower)
Commensalism (barnacle and whale)
Parasitism (tick and dog)
Competition (lions and hyenas competing for prey)
What happens during interphase?
The cell grows, performs normal functions, and replicates its DNA.
Evidence?
During mitosis, a cell’s nucleus divides to create two identical nuclei. This ensures that each new cell has the same genetic material. For example, when you get a cut, your skin cells divide to make new cells to heal the wound.
How are plant cells different from animal cells? Give two differences.
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts; animal cells do not.
Define solute, solvent, and solution.
Solute: substance that is dissolved
Solvent: substance that does the dissolving
Solution: mixture of solute and solvent
What is an ecosystem?
A community of living organisms and their non-living environment interacting together.
Why is the surface area to volume ratio important for cells?
A high ratio allows for efficient exchange of materials; as cells grow, the ratio decreases, limiting efficiency.
Reasoning?
The process of mitosis is crucial for growth and repair because it maintains genetic consistency. Without accurate DNA replication and cell division, cells could malfunction, leading to issues like mutations or disease. By ensuring each cell gets the correct DNA, mitosis supports healthy growth and tissue maintenance.
Name five organelles and describe one function for each.
Nucleus – controls cell activities
Ribosome – makes proteins
Golgi apparatus – processes and packages proteins
Lysosome – breaks down waste
Endoplasmic reticulum – transports materials
What is dynamic equilibrium in a cell?
When particles move in and out of the cell at equal rates, maintaining balance.
Explain predation and give two real-life examples.
Predation is when one organism (the predator) hunts and eats another (the prey), e.g., a lion eating a zebra, or a spider catching a fly.
Describe what happens in each stage of the cell cycle: interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis.
Interphase: growth and DNA replication
Mitosis: nucleus divides (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)
Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides, forming two daughter cells
Reasoning?
The process of mitosis is crucial for growth and repair because it maintains genetic consistency. Without accurate DNA replication and cell division, cells could malfunction, leading to issues like mutations or disease. By ensuring each cell gets the correct DNA, mitosis supports healthy growth and tissue maintenance.