Chapter 1
Chapter 7
Chapter 2
Chapter 9
Chapter 9
100
Issue, conclusion, reasons
What are the 3 parts of an argument?
100
The dictionary meaning of a word
What is denotation?
100
beliefs, usually taken for granted, that are based on the experiences, observations, or desires of an individual or group
What are assumptions?
100
Also known as "All or Nothing" thinking
What is Black & White thinking?
100
Paraphrasing and summarizing the thoughts and feelings of the speaker with the aim of empathetic understanding of his or her viewpoint (2 words)
What is active listening?
200
also called "premises," these support a writer's conclusion.
What are "reasons?"
200
All the images that are associated with the meaning of a word by an individual or group. They may be different for different individuals.
What is connotation?
200
Standards of conduct reflecting what is considered to be right or wrong behavior; agreed upon by a community, culture or nation
What are ethics?
200
Giving a name to a person or group; often shows prejudice or bias
What is Labeling?
200
The erroneous process of using one's feelings as definitive "proof" of an accurate analysis of a situation; Ex. "I just KNOW it because I feel that way! I can't explain why!"
What is emotional reasoning?
300
This is necessary in order for us to make clear decisions as citizens, consumers, and human beings.
What is critical thinking / critical reading?
300
A process by which words become more powerful than objective reality
What is reification?
300
Values that you believe are right and good, that you actually act upon (do in your life)
What are real values?
300
Such high respect and admiration for a leader can prevent one from doing the work of thinking for oneself
What is Reliance on Authority?
300
A defense mechanism that underlies many others; involves justifying or making sense of things that don't make sense and explaining things away that should instead be studied.
What is justification?
400
The writer's credibility and the strength of his/her reasons
What are the two things that create a strong argument vs a weak one
400
The use of language to create a positive connotation for ideas, events, or policies that one favors, and a negative impression about ideas, events, or policies that one dislikes. "Twists" the truth in a way that misleads people toward your side of an argument.
What is spin?
400
A test for ethical decision making that involves empathizing (imaginarily "trading places") with the people affected by an action that is being considered
What is the role exchange test?
400
People who are limited by this block do not consider the broader world out there, beyond their scope of experience
What is Limited Frame of Reference?
400
The state of mental discomfort that occurs whenever two ideas (or cognitions) are out of sync or when behavior is inconsistent with beliefs.
What is cognitive dissonance?
500
You spend most of your time & energy as a critical reader analyzing/evaluating the QUALITY of these
What are the reasons given by the author to support his/her conclusion
500
A technique used by advertisers in which consumers are asked to associate the product being sold with something bigger, better, or more attractive.
What is Romancing the Product?
500
A belief ('-ism') in which behavior is considered ethical when it promotes the greatest general happiness and minimizes unhappiness.
What is utilitarianism?
500
Topics about which a person has difficulty being rational or objective--"sore spots" in our life where emotions blind our thinking
What are Points of Logical Vulnerability?
500
The tendency to follow others uncritically, usually to gain acceptance or avoid conflict; the practice of using the beliefs & actions of others rather than our OWN best judgment as the primary guide to personal thoughts & actions
What is conformity or group think?
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