DEFINEtly Love Geriatrics
The heart of medicine
I've Fallen and I can't get up
Out of my mind, be back in 5 minutes
Dry as a bone
100
What is the term for taking 4 or more medications by a patient, who is generally 65 years or older?
What is polypharmacy
100
This class of drugs should be avoided in the elderly because data suggests that rate control has better benefits than rhythm control in older adults?
What are antiarrhythmics (Amiodarone, Dofetilide Dronedarone, Flecainide, Ibutilide, Procainamide, Propafenone, Quinidine and Sotalol).
100
This class of drugs used for urinary incontinence has a high risk of orthostatic hypotension.
What are alpha 1 blockers (i.e. Doxazosin, Prazosin and Terazosin).
100
This drug class is no longer considered first-line agents for older adults given their potential for side effects, including postural hypo­tension, cardiac conduction ab­normalities (prolongation of QT interval), and anticholinergic effects.
What are Tricyclic antidepressants (i.e. Amitriptyline & Chlordiazepoxideamitriptyline).
100
This medication should be reserved to treat serious allergic reactions in the elderly due to it's highly anticholinergic properties.
What is Benadryl (diphenhydramine).
200
This document created in 1991 is used by health professionals to help improve the safety of prescribing medications for older adults?
What is the Beer's List.
200
This medication used as a first-line treatment in hypertension and can cause a high risk of hyperkalemia in patients who have CHF and take 25mg or more a day?
What is Spironolactone (Aldactone).
200
Older adults receiving this class of medication, that is known to be very sedating and potentially habit forming, must take particular care during the first 2 weeks of drug therapy, because the risk of falls and hip fracture is higher.
What are benzodiazepines (i.e. Alprazolam, Lorazepam Temazepam & Diazepam).
200
This drug class carries an increased risk of cerebrovascular accident (stroke) and mortality in persons with dementia.
What are Antipsychotics (i.e. Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol Clozapine, Promazine, Thioridazine, Risperidone & Ziprasidone).
200
These drugs reduce the effect of acetylcholine in the brain by antagonizing cholinergic receptors and helps restore the acetylcholine/dopamine balance within the brain.
What are Antiparkinson agents (i.e. Benztropine & Trihexyphenidyl).
300
As defined by the Institute of Medicine as, “an injury resulting from medical intervention related to a drug.”
What is an adverse drug event.
300
This drug typically used for primary prevention of cardiac events has a lack of evidence of benefit versus risk in individuals ≥80 years old?
What is aspirin.
300
This drug class used for pain management can have mixed results in older adults and are associated with fractures.
What are opioids (i.e. fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, morphine, oxycodone, OxyContin & Percocet)
300
This SSRI is not recommended for use in the elderly as it has the greatest anticholinergic effect of all the SSRIs.
What is Paroxetine (Paxil).
300
These medications work as competitive muscarinic receptor antagonists and therefore decreasing urinary retention.
What are Antimuscarinics (i.e. Tolterodine & Oxybutynin)
400
This is the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the body and the mechanisms of drug action and the relationship between drug concentration and effect.
What is pharmacodynamics.
400
This drug has an increased risk of bleeding compared with warfarin in adults ≥75 years old.
What is Dabigatran (Pradaxa).
400
This drug belongs to a group called phenothiazines, it blocks histamine in the body and is frequently used to treat nausea and vomiting after surgery and is a potent sedative.
What is promethazine (Phenergan).
400
These SSRIs are CYP450 isoenzyme inhibitors and carry a high rate of drug-drug interactions.
What are Fluoxetine (Prozac), Paroxetine (Paxil) and Sertraline (Zoloft).
400
Scopolamine belongs to this class of drugs and is sometimes used to treat motion sickness.
What are Antispasmodics (i.e. Atropine products, Belladonna alkaloids, Dicyclomine, Homatropine, Loperamide, Propantheline & Scopolamine).
500
The therapeutic window is the amount of a medication between the amount that gives an effect (effective dose) and the amount that gives more adverse effects than desired effects.
What is therapeutic window.
500
This class of medications has a high risk of adverse CNS effects; may cause bradycardia and orthostatic hypotension and are not recommended as routine treatment for hypertension.
What are alpha blockers (i.e. Clonidine).
500
This drug carries a higher risk of hypoglycemia without improvement in hyperglycemia management regardless of care setting.
What is Insulin.
500
This SSRI has a half-life of 27-32 hours and has very little potential to cause drug-drug interactions.
What is Escitalopram (Lexapro).
500
Dry as a bone, hot as a hare, red as a beet, blind as a bat and mad as a hatter are collectively referred to as what.
What are anticholinergic effects.
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