Beginning Reading Skills
The recognition that there are systematic and predictable relationships between written letters and spoken sounds
What is alphabetic principle?
This fourth phase in Ehri’s model of the development of word reading skills occurs when students have consolidated their phase 3 knowledge of grapheme-phoneme blends into larger units that recur in different words.
What is consolidated-alphabetic phase?
Words that appear most often in written language. They may be regular words or irregular words.
What are high-frequency words?
The study of the relationships between letters and the sounds they represent. This term has become shorthand for describing instruction that establishes the alphabetic principle by teaching students the relationship between written letters or graphemes.
What is phonics?
A written letter or letter combination representing a single speech sound
What is grapheme?
The relationship between sounds and their spellings that they can decode, or sound out, word
What is sound-spelling relationships?
This third phase in Ehri’s model of the development of word reading skills occurs when students have learned the most common letter– sound associations and use this knowledge to decode unfamiliar words.
What is full-alphabetic phase?
Words that contain previously taught letter–sound patterns, enabling the reader to sound out the word..
What are regular words?
This approach emphasizes first teaching the whole word before analyzing letter–sound relationships.
A curriculum plan, usually in chart form, in which a range of instructional objectives, skills, and so on, is organized according to the successive levels at which they are taught, gradually increasing in complexity.
What is scope and sequence?
When readers learn spelling– sound relationships so fluently that they are able to unconsciously and automatically recall the pronunciation and meaning of known words.
What is sight-word reading?
This fifth and last phase where students’ accurate, fluent word reading in new text allows them to focus on comprehending the meaning of the text.
What is automatic phase?
Words that cannot be conventionally sounded out and must be learned as whole words. Also called irregular words.
What are exception words?
This approach emphasizes phonetic spelling as the foundation for word reading.
What is phonic through spelling?
Two or more successive consonants sounded out in sequence without losing their identity. Examples of consonant blends include stra s in stream, s
What is consonant blends?
This help students remember words more efficiently where they had to rely on visual cues. Example, as /d/ representing the letter d in dad...
What is letter-sound correspondences?
This first phase in Ehri’s model of the development of word reading skills occurs when students do not yet have an understanding of the alphabetic principle and read words as memorized visual forms
What is pre-alphabetic phase?
These words are called pseudowords, these made-up words, such as vug, dif, or seepl
What are nonsense words?
This approach emphasizes using known word family patterns to identify unknown words.
What is analogy-based phonics?
Deliberate sounding out that is characterized either by lip movement unaccompanied by audible sounds or by conscious thought unaccompanied by audible sounds.
What is subvocal sounding out?
To decipher unfamiliar regular or irregular words by going from symbols (letters) to sounds is..
What is decode?
This second phase in Ehri’s model of the development of word reading skills occurs when the development of alphabetic principle allows students to begin to associate some letters with sounds and use that insight to recognize words.
What is partial-alphabetic phase?
To decipher words effortlessly; to read regular words without consciously blending the sounds of letters or letter clusters into words.
What is automatic word recognition?
This explicit phonics approach first teaches students individual skills (blending, segmenting, letter–sound identification, word reading) before providing practice applying these skills to carefully coordinated reading and writing activities
What is synthetic phonics?
The efficiency with which a reader can locate and apply to reading previously learned information about letters and words stored in long-term memory.
What is lexical retrieval?