Antecedents
A technician offers choices between two activities before instruction begins to reduce maladaptive behavior.
What is offering choices?
Teaching a learner to ask for a break instead of throwing materials is an example of this.
What is Functional Communication Training (FCT)?
Follows the occurrence of a maladaptive behavior.
What are consequence manipulations?
The four common functions of behavior.
What is attention, escape, access to tangibles, and automatic?
Presenting an SD in a different way to avoid behaviors that are generally set off by specific words.
What is SD modification?
Identify a functional replacement behavior for a patient that engages in pinching for attention.
- What is gaining attention?
-What is FCT (can I play, let's play,)?
Appropriate functional alternative behaviors are reinforced, while problem behaviors are extinguished.
What is differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors?
Patient screams until work is removed.
What is escape?
Identify 3 examples of environmental modification
- seating arrangement
- removing clutter/ distracting stimuli
- organizing the environment
- preventing access
Identify 2 characteristics of an effective replacement behavior.
A patient functionally communicates for a break instead of throwing materials.
Question:
What should happen next?
Honor the break request (if appropriate to the treatment plan).
A patient spits while the BT is talking to another therapist.
What is attention?
Use behavior momentum to support with new NVI target.
Lesson: Nonvocal Imitation
Target: Patient turning around
Known: Clapping hands, touching head, jumping
behavior momentum role play
Show me the replacement:
A patient is brought to a table for DTT. They push the worksheet off the table and start to leave their seat.
BT 1 will RP as patient
BT 2 will RP as themselves
Show me the consequence:
Tangible extinction. Prevent patient from gaining access to preferred items / activities in any way when they engage in the target behavior. Do not negotiate or decrease the delay to a preferred item / activity. If possible, act as though the behavior did not occur. If some reaction is absolutely necessary, avoid eye contact and give the minimum reaction necessary to keep people and property safe. Remove either the patient or the target item from the situation as needed when an inappropriate behavior occurs, whichever is least intrusive in the situation.
Tangible extinction role play
What's the function?
A- What is escape?
B- What is access to tangibles?
A 7-year-old patient has a history of throwing materials and yelling whenever independent writing tasks are presented. The behavior is maintained by escape from difficult tasks.
You are about to begin a writing activity.
BT has 60 seconds to demonstrate at least three antecedent strategies that could reduce the likelihood of problem behavior before the writing task begins.
- FCT
- environmental modification
- response effort
- choice
- activity schedule
- others?
Spot the error:
What went wrong?
What could have been done instead?
- replacement was not functionally equivalent.
- follow consequences in BIP
- teach "can i have a turn"/ "can I play?"
Spot the error:
What went wrong?
What could have been done instead?
The BT provided the tangible following the maladaptive behavior, which could reinforce grabbing and screaming.
Block access and redirect. Teach and reinforce appropriate communication.
What's the function?
B- What is automatic reinforcement?