Consequences
True or False? A consequence comes after the behavior.
True.
True or False? Behavior occurs before the antecedent.
False.
True.
Sally screams whenever she is presented with matching letters. What is the function?
Escape
False.
What does reinforcement do to the behavior it follows?
Increases the likelihood it will occur in the future.
Define A-B-C (3 term contingency)
Antecedent - Behavior - Consequence
A smile, praise, eye-contact, laughing, one-on-one conversations, and personal attention are all what kind of reinforcer?
Social reinforcer
Dexter begins to get out of his seat and runs towards the toy shelf. He's trying to get the red car. What's the function?
Access to Tangibles
How does the size/amount of the reinforcer affect it's effectiveness?
The size of the reinforcer must match the amount of work that the student is doing.
What does punishment do to the behavior it follows?
It decreases the likelihood that the behavior will occur in the future.
What is a setting event?
An event that influences behavior that is removed from the behavior and can occur hours or days before the behavior.
Bobby's teacher says she'll buy the whole class ice cream if they listen to the substitute. Is she planning to use a naturally occurring reinforcer?
No, that reinforcer would be contrived.
Tammy elopes out of the classroom but does not run to any specific destination. Most of the time she runs out of the room and then lays her head on the floor. What's the function?
Sensory/Automatic
Should reinforcement be contingent or non-contingent on the target behavior.
Contingent
What is extinction?
That previously reinforced behavior will no longer be reinforced; reinforcement is withheld.
What does a motivating operation do?
Increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring when we want it to.
A cookie, a kiss, playing soccer, a sticker, and verbal praise. Which one is an activity reinforcer?
Playing soccer would be an activity reinforcer as long as it was made contingent upon the target behavior.
Drew doesn't want to complete his work in class. He starts to pull his hair and the teacher immediately runs over telling him to stop. Drew is able to stop once the teacher steps in. What's the function?
Attention
Name an unconditioned reinforcer.
food, water, shelter, comfort, etc.
What is negative reinforcement?
When an aversive stimulus is removed from the environment contingent upon behavior and the likelihood of that behavior occurring in the future increases.
Bobby loves oranges. His teacher gives him an orange slice every time he turns in his math homework on time. Is the teacher using antecedents to modify Bobby's behavior?
No, she is using reinforcement (consequence)
They can be exchanged for high-value back up reinforcers.
Gia started participating in gym class twice a week. This week her class is doing yoga. She starts eloping once she sees the yoga mats. Whats the function of elopement?
Escape
Cody has been watching TV all day. His mom says if he cleans up his room, she will let him rent a movie. Cody did not clean up his room. Why would Cody not be motivated by the movie?