Pavlov
This psychologist is famous for his experiments involving dogs, food, and bells.
Ivan Pavlov
This psychologist developed the theory of operant conditioning.
B.F. Skinner
Does reinforcement increase or decrease a behavior?
increase
This involves reinforcing small steps toward a desired behavior.
Shaping
What is a change in behavior or knowledge caused by experience
Learning
This psychologist is famous for his experiments involving dogs, food, and bells.
Classical Conditioning
Operant conditioning focuses on how behavior is affected by these.
Consequences
Does punishment increase or decrease a behavior?
decrease
A behavior decreases when the reinforcement that was maintaining it is removed. What is this called?
extinction
These theories focus primarily on observable behaviors and how the environment affects them.
behavioral learning theories
In Pavlov's Dog experiment, food naturally caused this response.
salivation
A consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior happening again is called this.
reinforcement
A teacher gives a student praise after they complete their homework. What type of reinforcement is this?
Positive Reinforcement
This principle uses a preferred activity to reinforce a less-preferred activity.
Premack Principle
This psychologist is associated with observational learning and modeling.
Albert Bandura
After conditioning, the bell became this because it produced a learned response.
Conditioned Stimulus
Skinner used this device to study how animals learned behaviors through consequences.
Skinner box
A student finishes their homework, and the teacher stops reminding them about it. What type of reinforcement is this?
Negative Reinforcement
A student learns that raising their hand results in praise, so they raise their hand more often. What learning principle is being demonstrated?
Reinforcement
This type of learning involves people learning by watching other people.
observational learning
In classical conditioning, this is the automatic response that naturally occurs because of the unconditioned stimulus.
Unconditioned Response
Unlike classical conditioning, operant conditioning is primarily concerned with how this affects behavior.
Consequences of behavior
What is the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?
Negative reinforcement increases behavior by removing something unpleasant, while punishment decreases behavior.
A teacher wants students to continue a learned behavior even when rewards become less frequent. What concept describes the continued performance of a learned behavior?
maintenance
Put these four stages of observational learning in order: motivation, attention, reproduction, retention.
Attention → Retention → Reproduction → Motivation